ALGORITHMS AT WORK: THE NEW CONTESTED TERRAIN OF CONTROL
ALGORITHMS AT WORK: THE NEW CONTESTED TERRAIN OF CONTROL
复制标题
DOI：
10.5465/annals.2018.0174
复制
发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
21.2
通讯作者：
Christin, Angele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kellogg, Katherine C.;Valentine, Melissa A.;Christin, Angele
算法技术在组织中的广泛应用引发了关于算法如何重塑组织控制的问题。我们使用爱德华兹（1979）的“有争议的领域”的观点，其中管理人员实施生产技术，以最大限度地提高劳动力的价值和工人的抵制，综合算法在工作中的跨学科研究。我们发现，工作场所的算法控制通过六种主要机制运作，我们称之为“6 R”-雇主可以使用算法通过限制和推荐来指导工人，通过记录和评级来评估工人，通过替换和奖励来纪律工人。我们还讨论了几个关键的见解算法控制。首先，劳动过程理论有助于突出潜在的问题，对算法的工作有很大的积极看法。其次，算法系统的技术能力促进了一种理性控制形式，这种形式与过去世纪雇主使用的技术和官僚控制截然不同。第三，雇主对算法的使用正在引发新的算法职业的发展。最后，工人们正在通过一系列我们称之为算法行动主义的新兴策略来单独和集体地抵制算法控制。这些见解勾画了算法控制的争议领域，并为未来的研究绘制了关键领域。
The widespread implementation of algorithmic technologies in organizations prompts questions about how algorithms may reshape organizational control. We use Edwards' (1979) perspective of "contested terrain," wherein managers implement production technologies to maximize the value of labor and workers resist, to synthesize the interdisciplinary research on algorithms at work. We find that algorithmic control in the workplace operates through six main mechanisms, which we call the "6 Rs"-employers can use algorithms to direct workers by restricting and recommending, evaluate workers by recording and rating, and discipline workers by replacing and rewarding. We also discuss several key insights regarding algorithmic control. First, labor process theory helps to highlight potential problems with the largely positive view of algorithms at work. Second, the technical capabilities of algorithmic systems facilitate a form of rational control that is distinct from the technical and bureaucratic control used by employers for the past century. Third, employers' use of algorithms is sparking the development of new algorithmic occupations. Finally, workers are individually and collectively resisting algorithmic control through a set of emerging tactics we call algoactivism. These insights sketch the contested terrain of algorithmic control and map critical areas for future research.