Environmental Justice and the Political Process: Movements, Corporations, and the State
Environmental Justice and the Political Process: Movements, Corporations, and the State
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环境正义与政治进程：运动、公司和国家
DOI：
10.1111/j.1533-8525.2001.tb02374.x
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
David N. Pellow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
David N. Pellow
我在这篇文章中探讨了两个问题：（1）相对维斯公司，美国政府在政治进程中的角色是如何变化的？(2)运动设计了什么战术来应对这一不断变化的政治进程？通过美国环境运动的透镜，我发现：（1）随着企业成为政策制定者和挑战者的新目标，国家的政策制定权威已经削弱;（2）环境运动设计了组织战略，如企业社区契约或睦邻协议，以回应和影响这一新的政治进程，（3）忽视政治经济过程的运动部分可能会失败。政治经济学的这些变化对政治过程模式构成了挑战。因此，我提出了一个“政治经济过程”的角度来扩展政治过程模型，更准确地捕捉这些动态。政治经济过程观点评价了政治过程模型的四个以国家为中心的假设（国家作为改革的主要运动目标或工具，国家政策制定垄断，资本只是另一个利益集团，以及民族国家层面分析的首要地位），并证明政治经济过程已经发生了巨大的变化。
I explore two questions in this article: (1) How has the role of the U.S. state in the political process changed vis-à-vis corporations? (2) What tactical repertoires have movements devised to confront this changing political process? Through the lens of the U.S. environmental movement, I find that (1) the state's policy-making authority has weakened as corporations have become both policy makers and the new targets of challengers, (2) the environmental movement has devised organizing strategies—such as corporate-community compacts or good neighbor agreements—to respond to and influence this new political process, and (3) those segments of the movement that ignore the political economic process are likely to meet with failure. These changes in the political economy constitute a challenge for the political process model. I therefore propose a “political economic process” perspective to extend the political process model and more accurately capture these dynamics. The political economic process perspective evaluates four state-centric assumptions of the political process model (the state as the primary movement target or vehicle of reform, the state policy-making monopoly, capital as just another interest group, and the primacy of the nation-state level of analysis) and demonstrates that the political economic process has changed in dramatic ways.