Hormones and the Bolsheviks: from organotherapy to experimental endocrinology, 1918-1929.
Hormones and the Bolsheviks: from organotherapy to experimental endocrinology, 1918-1929.
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激素和布尔什维克：从器官疗法到实验内分泌学，1918-1929。
DOI：
10.1086/591710
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Krementsov,Nikolai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krementsov,Nikolai
内分泌学学科在英国、法国、德国、俄罗斯、美国和其他地方出现的时间大致相同，世界各地的内分泌学从业者在相当大的程度上共享研究实践和议程。然而，这门学科的机构、网络和社会实践都牢牢地植根于具体地区的特定社会结构中，它们建立在特定的地方传统、资源和赞助之上。本文通过对苏联内分泌学的起源和早期发展的分析，揭示了布尔什维克统治的第一个十年中，该学科的制度发展所涉及的众多因素和多个参与者。与世界其他地方一样，动物组织提取物的医学用途-器官疗法-为苏联医学界和公众广泛接受内分泌学的新生科学思想铺平了道路。器官疗法还为这一新学科提供了“种子”机构、技术和人员--兽医Iakov Tobolkin和治疗师Vasilii Shervinskii。但是，苏维埃俄罗斯的特定制度、政治、经济和意识形态格局以一种特殊的方式塑造了这门学科。
The discipline of endocrinology emerged over roughly the same period in Britain, France, Germany, Russia, the United States, and elsewhere, and its practitioners across the world shared research practices and agendas to a considerable degree. Yet the discipline's institutions, networks, and social practices were firmly embedded in the particular social fabric of concrete locales, and they were built on specific local traditions, resources, and patronage. Through analysis of the origins and early progress of Soviet endocrinology, this essay uncovers numerous factors and multiple actors involved with the institutional development of the discipline in the first decade of Bolshevik rule. As elsewhere in the world, the medicinal use of animal tissue extracts—organotherapy—paved the way for wide acceptance of the ideas of the nascent science of endocrinology by both the Soviet medical community and the general public. Organotherapy also supplied the new discipline with “seed” institutions, technologies, and personnel—the veterinarian Iakov Tobolkin and the therapist Vasilii Shervinskii. But the specific institutional, political, economic, and ideological landscape of Soviet Russia shaped the discipline in a particular way.