Alcohol Consumption, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Cardiovascular Health in Korea.
Alcohol Consumption, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Cardiovascular Health in Korea.
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DOI：
10.3349/ymj.2017.58.4.689
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Davey Smith G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shin MJ;Cho Y;Davey Smith G
在韩国，酒精消费是一个严重的健康问题，就消费量和与消费相关的行为而言。乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH 2）是酒精代谢中的关键酶，可将乙醛降解为无毒的乙酸。该酶由ALDH2基因编码，该基因在东亚人群中通常具有多态性。ALDH2基因（rs671等位基因）中的点突变产生ALDH2的非活性形式，其在饮酒后导致乙醛在体内积累，从而抑制正常的酒精代谢。ALDH2多态性纯合子的个体倾向于避免饮酒，减少他们发生酒精中毒和暴露于相关风险的机会。孟德尔随机化（MR）研究表明，ALDH2基因型预测的饮酒量与心血管风险存在因果关系。此外，最近的MR研究表明，ALDH 2变体通过增加乙醛的血液水平对一些疾病结果或死亡率具有机械作用，显示了饮酒者中杂合子（ALDH 2 *2*2）和纯合子（ALDH 2 *1*2）之间的差异。因此，在酒精预防计划中考虑ALDH2基因型是必要的。总之，迫切需要纳入遗传信息并提供证据基础的战略，以帮助人们对酒精消费做出明智的决定。
Alcohol consumption is a serious health issue in Korea in terms of the amount consumed and the behavior related to its consumption. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism that degrades acetaldehyde to nontoxic acetic acid. The enzyme is coded by the ALDH2 gene, which is commonly polymorphic in East Asian populations. A point mutation in the ALDH2 gene (the rs671 allele) yields an inactive form of ALDH2 that causes acetaldehyde accumulation in the body after alcohol consumption, thereby inhibiting normal alcohol metabolism. Individuals who are homozygous for polymorphism in ALDH2 tend to refrain from drinking alcohol, decreasing their chances of developing alcoholism and exposure to the associated risks. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption predicted by ALDH2 genotype is causally related to cardiovascular risks. Moreover, recent MR studies suggest that the ALDH2 variant has mechanistic effects on some disease outcomes or mortality through increased blood levels of acetaldehyde, showing differences therein between heterozygotes (ALDH2*2*2) and homozygotes (ALDH2*1*2) in those who consume alcohol. Accordingly, consideration of ALDH2 genotype in alcohol prevention programs is warranted. In conclusion, strategies that incorporate genetic information and provide an evidential basis from which to help people make informed decisions on alcohol consumption are urgently required.