Scope of attention, control of attention, and intelligence in children and adults
Scope of attention, control of attention, and intelligence in children and adults
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03195936
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Saults, J. Sco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowan, Nelson;Fristoe, Nathanael M.;Saults, J. Sco
最近的实验表明，认知能力倾向指标可以通过测试个人在简单工作记忆任务中的注意力或能力的范围以及控制注意力的能力来预测。然而，这些实验并没有表明注意力的范围和控制有多独立或相关。一个实验，52名儿童（10至11岁）和52名大学生包括措施的范围和控制的注意力，以及语言和非语言能力的措施。这些孩子几乎没有使用复杂的注意力控制的证据，但注意力的范围预测了该组的智力。在成年人中，注意力的范围和控制在个体之间存在差异，并解释了相当大的智力个体差异。大约三分之一的差异是由范围和控制分担的，其余的是一个或另一个所特有的。注意力的范围和控制似乎是智力的相关但不同的贡献者。
Recent experimentation has shown that cognitive aptitude measures are predicted by tests of the scope of an individual's attention or capacity in simple working memory tasks and also by the ability to control attention. However, these experiments do not indicate how separate or related the scope and control of attention are. An experiment with 52 children (10 to 11 years old) and 52 college students included measures of the scope and control of attention, as well as verbal and nonverbal aptitude measures. The children showed little evidence of using sophisticated attentional control, but the scope of attention predicted intelligence in that group. In adults, both the scope and control of attention varied among individuals and accounted for considerable individual variance in intelligence. About one third that variance was shared between scope and control, and the rest was unique to one or the other. Scope and control of attention appear to be related but distinct contributors to intelligence.