Prospects for Using Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms as Natural Fertilizers in Agriculture.
Prospects for Using Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms as Natural Fertilizers in Agriculture.
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DOI：
10.3390/plants11162119
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发表时间：
2022-08-15
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磷酸盐是植物生长发育所必需的物质，磷化合物参与各种生理生化反应。磷酸盐被认为是限制作物产量的最重要因素之一。土壤缺磷的问题传统上是通过施磷肥来解决的。然而，与有机肥、有机肥和堆肥相比，化学磷肥被认为是无效的。因此，提高植物对磷酸盐的生物利用率是可持续农业的主要目标之一。解磷土壤微生物可以通过溶解和矿化作用使土壤中的不溶性磷对植物产生生物有效性。由于这些微生物具有环境友好、成本低、生物效率高等优点，目前成为人们关注的焦点。在这方面，土壤微生物对磷酸盐的增溶具有很强的研究潜力，而在土壤或作物中接种解磷菌是一种有希望的提高植物磷素吸收的策略。在这篇综述中，我们分析了到目前为止文献中描述的所有种类的解磷细菌。我们讨论了矿物磷酸盐的增溶和含磷有机化合物的矿化的关键机制：细菌分泌的用于动员不溶性无机磷酸盐的有机酸，以及水解含磷有机化合物的酶。我们证明了解磷微生物作为生物肥料具有巨大的潜力，因为它们增加了植物对磷的生物有效性，促进了可持续农业，改善了土壤肥力，提高了作物产量。解磷微生物的应用被认为是提高植物生产力的新前沿。
Phosphates are known to be essential for plant growth and development, with phosphorus compounds being involved in various physiological and biochemical reactions. Phosphates are known as one of the most important factors limiting crop yields. The problem of phosphorus deficiency in the soil has traditionally been solved by applying phosphate fertilizers. However, chemical phosphate fertilizers are considered ineffective compared to the organic fertilizers manure and compost. Therefore, increasing the bioavailability of phosphates for plants is one of the primary goals of sustainable agriculture. Phosphate-solubilizing soil microorganisms can make soil-insoluble phosphate bioavailable for plants through solubilization and mineralization. These microorganisms are currently in the focus of interest due to their advantages, such as environmental friendliness, low cost, and high biological efficiency. In this regard, the solubilization of phosphates by soil microorganisms holds strong potential in research, and inoculation of soils or crops with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is a promising strategy to improve plant phosphate uptake. In this review, we analyze all the species of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria described in the literature to date. We discuss key mechanisms of solubilization of mineral phosphates and mineralization of organic phosphate-containing compounds: organic acids secreted by bacteria for the mobilization of insoluble inorganic phosphates, and the enzymes hydrolyzing phosphorus-containing organic compounds. We demonstrate that phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms have enormous potency as biofertilizers since they increase phosphorus bioavailability for the plant, promote sustainable agriculture, improve soil fertility, and raise crop yields. The use of phosphate-solubilizing microbes is regarded as a new frontier in increasing plant productivity.