Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography
Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography
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光谱、光子计数计算机断层扫描
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Iniewski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Taguchi;I. Blevis;K. Iniewski
100多年来，X射线在无损成像物体内部结构方面发挥了关键作用。X射线在医学上的用途在威廉C.伦琴在1895年拍摄了他妻子的手的著名传输图像（Kevles 1996）。在接下来的70年里，同样简单的二维投影方法（例如，仍然从牙科X射线中得知）仍然是医学成像的最新技术。直到20世纪70年代，随着计算机断层扫描（CT）（Ambrose 1973; Hounseld 1973）和必要的重建算法（Cormack 1963，1964）的发明，X射线成像才发生了根本性的变化。Hounseld的CT扫描仪允许可视化人体的二维切片，而不是所有器官叠加和重叠的投影图像。在接下来的20年里，电子技术得到了迅速的更新，减少了扫描时间和辐射剂量，增加了空间分辨率和eldof-view尺寸。医学成像在20世纪90年代随着多层CT扫描仪的出现而经历了另一次推动。EY允许在单次扫描中采集真实的三维数据集和重建体积图像。甚至全身扫描也成为可能，具有临床可接受的扫描时间和辐射剂量水平。多层螺旋CT（或多层螺旋CT的MDCT）是目前最先进的快速、高分辨率、低成本的人体成像技术，具有广泛的临床应用。机架旋转时间<0.3 s，探测器多达320行，可以在1 s内扫描整个器官，如心脏。
For over 100 years, x-rays have played a crucial role in imaging the internal structure of objects nondestructively. e usefulness of x-rays for medical purposes was recognized as soon as Wilhelm C. Röntgen took the famous transmission image of his wife’s hand in 1895 (Kevles 1996). For the next 7 decades, the same simple two-dimensional projection method, still known from dental x-rays, for example, remained the state of the art for medical imaging. It was not until the 1970s that x-ray imaging fundamentally changed with the invention of computed tomography (CT) (Ambrose 1973; Hounseld 1973) and the necessary reconstruction algorithms (Cormack 1963, 1964). Hounseld’s CT scanner allowed visualization of two-dimensional slices of the human body rather than projection images where all the organs are superimposed and overlapped. e technology was rened quickly over the next 20 years, decreasing scan times and radiation dose and increasing the spatial resolution and the eldof-view size. Medical imaging experienced another boost in the 1990s with the advent of multislice CT scanners. ey allowed acquisition of true three-dimensional data sets and reconstruction of volumetric images in a single scan. Even whole-body scans became possible with clinically acceptable scan times and radiation dose levels. Multislice CT (or MDCT for multidetector CT) is now the state-of-the-art technology for fast, high-resolution, and cost-eective imaging of the human body with a wide range of clinical applications. With gantry rotation times of <0.3 s and detectors with up to 320 rows, it is possible to scan entire organs like the heart in <1 s.