Genomic Evidence Establishes Anatolia as the Source of the European Neolithic Gene Pool
Genomic Evidence Establishes Anatolia as the Source of the European Neolithic Gene Pool
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.019
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发表时间：
2016-01-25
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Gotherstrom, Anders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Omrak, Ayca;Gunther, Torsten;Gotherstrom, Anders
安纳托利亚和近东长期以来一直被认为是新石器时代扩张的震中，通过考古证据。最近对新石器时代欧洲人类遗骸的考古遗传学研究表明，欧洲新石器时代的扩张是由来自假定的近东起源的移民向西和向北推动的[1-5]。然而，这种扩张以及在爱琴海和巴尔干半岛建立的众多文化综合体直到距今8,500年才出现，比新石器时代核心地区的最初定居点晚了2,000多年[6-9]。我们展示了来自Kumtepe新石器时代遗址中发掘的6，700年前人类遗骸的古基因组全序列数据，Kumtepe位于安纳托利亚西北部，靠近着名的（和更年轻的）特洛伊遗址[10]。Kumtepe是公元前7,000年左右出现的定居点之一，在最初的扩张浪潮将新石器时代的做法带到欧洲之后。我们发现，这个人显示遗传相似性，早期欧洲新石器时代的基因库和现代撒丁岛，以及遗传亲和力，现代人口从近东和高加索。此外，现代安纳托利亚人携带了来自不同人群的几个混合事件的签名，这些事件稀释了新石器时代早期的农民成分，这解释了为什么现代撒丁岛人口，而不是现代安纳托利亚人口，在遗传上更类似于推动新石器时代扩张到欧洲的人。安纳托利亚的中心地理位置似乎是一个连接点，允许与近东和欧洲的其他地区在整个新石器时代和之后建立复杂的联系网络。
Anatolia and the Near East have long been recognized as the epicenter of the Neolithic expansion through archaeological evidence. Recent archaeogenetic studies on Neolithic European human remains have shown that the Neolithic expansion in Europe was driven westward and northward by migration from a supposed Near Eastern origin [1-5]. However, this expansion and the establishment of numerous culture complexes in the Aegean and Balkans did not occur until 8,500 before present (BP), over 2,000 years after the initial settlements in the Neolithic core area [6-9]. We present ancient genome-wide sequence data from 6,700-year-old human remains excavated from a Neolithic context in Kumtepe, located in northwestern Anatolia near the well-known (and younger) site Troy [10]. Kumtepe is one of the settlements that emerged around 7,000 BP, after the initial expansion wave brought Neolithic practices to Europe. We show that this individual displays genetic similarities to the early European Neolithic gene pool and modern-day Sardinians, as well as a genetic affinity to modern-day populations from the Near East and the Caucasus. Furthermore, modern-day Anatolians carry signatures of several admixture events from different populations that have diluted this early Neolithic farmer component, explaining why modern-day Sardinian populations, instead of modern-day Anatolian populations, are genetically more similar to the people that drove the Neolithic expansion into Europe. Anatolia's central geographic location appears to have served as a connecting point, allowing a complex contact network with other areas of the Near East and Europe throughout, and after, the Neolithic.