Temporal distribution and characteristics of the sand-dust weathers in North China Plain from 1463 to 1913
Temporal distribution and characteristics of the sand-dust weathers in North China Plain from 1463 to 1913
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作者：
Jiang Wei-feng
根据明清各类地方志及相关史书1844余份，收集整理了1443 ~ 1913年间华北地区沙尘天气记录1401份。在这些历史记录的基础上，对这一时期沙尘天气的时间分布曲线进行了细致的重构和分析。历史时间分布分析表明，华北平原沙尘天气主要集中在春季。沙尘天气发生在春季约占71%，冬季占18%，夏季占9%，秋季占2%。4月是一年中沙尘天气最多的月份，约占全年沙尘天气总量的30%。年沙尘天气曲线频率波动无明显的上升或下降趋势，但有一定的周期性。从1500年到1700年，存在大约30年的周期，从1700年到1913年，存在大约50年的周期。沙尘天气的时间分布与人类活动关系不大，受自然因素控制。沙尘天气的时间分布曲线与同期华北平原10年平均春冬气温和年平均降水曲线的对比表明，沙尘天气的发生与年平均降水曲线和年平均春冬气温曲线呈显著负相关。降水多的时段通常响应沙尘天气的减少，而降水少的时段则响应沙尘天气的增加。春冬季气温较低的时期，沙尘暴天气的发生频率较高，通常与大风的发生密切相关。
According to more than 1844 different kinds of chorographies of the Ming and Qing dynasties and other related historical books, 1401 notes which recorded the sand-dust weathers occurring on North China Plan from 1443 to 1913 were collected and sorted out. Based on these historical notes, the temporal distribution curve of the sand-dust weathers during this period was carefully reconstructed and analyzed. Analysis on the temporal distribution shows that the sand-dust weathers happened on North China Plain in historical time mainly concentrated in spring. About 71% of sand-dust weathers occurred in spring, 18 % in winter, 9 % in summer, and 2 % in fall. April had the highest amount of sand-dust weathers in a year, accounting for about 30% of the total. The frequency of the annual sand-dust weather curve fluctuated without obvious upward or downward tendency, but it did show periodicity to some degrees. From the period 1500 to 1700, there existed about 30 year's cycles, and from 1700 to 1913, there existed about 50 year's cycles. This temporal distribution of the sand-dust weathers had little relationship with human action, but controlled by natural factors. Comparson of the temporal distribution curve of sand-dust weathers with the curves of mean 10 years spring-winter temperature and mean annual precipitation in the North China Plain in the same period indicated that the occurrence of the sand-dust weathers had significant negative correlations with the mean annual precipitation curve and the mean spring-winter temperature curves. The time periods which had more precipitation usually respond to descending of the sand-dust weathers, whereas the periods of less precipitation respond to increasing of the sand-dust weathers. The lower temperature periods in spring-winter season, which generally had close relationship with the higher wind occurrence, usually had higher occurrence frequencies of the sand-dust weathers.