Volcanoes and the Climate Forcing of Carolingian Europe, A.D. 750-950
Volcanoes and the Climate Forcing of Carolingian Europe, A.D. 750-950
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公元 750-950 年加洛林欧洲的火山和气候强迫
DOI：
10.1017/s0038713400011325
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
P. Mayewski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. McCormick;P. Dutton;P. Mayewski
自然科学的革命性进步将改变我们对人类过去的理解。本案例研究通过将过去十年的古气候学科学工作中产生的新数据与古罗马帝国的历史联系起来，支持了这一论点。对于中世纪学者来说，它可能会打开一扇大门，让人们对欧洲文明的整个过去有一套新的强有力的见解。对于气候科学家来说，这项研究澄清了一个机会，可以观察科学上建立的气候异常代用指标对人类社会的影响，并表明我们时代第一个千年的人类证据比科学家通常假设的要丰富得多。粮食生产是中世纪经济的基础，是财富的产生和分配。在中世纪早期的世界里，储存和区域间运输有限，除其他因素外，严重的气候异常可能会扰乱粮食生产和供应。特别是如果它们造成了饥荒，这种破坏长期以来一直吸引着关注人口统计学（死亡），政治（叛乱）的历史学家，最近，文化或精神[1]严重的气候异常和历史事件之间的直接联系往往是显而易见的，即使细节被证明是复杂的。例如，在皮平三世统治时期，763-64年的严冬引发了饥荒，这无疑解释了国王在接下来的夏天征服阿基坦的重大努力的悬念。2本文探讨了从格陵兰冰川恢复的古气候数据
Revolutionary advances of the natural sciences will transform our understanding of the human past. This case study supports that thesis by connecting new data arising from the last decade's scientific work in palaeoclimatology with the history of the Carolingian empire. For medievalists, it may open the door to a potent new set of insights into the total past of European civilization. For climate scientists, this study clarifies an opportunity to observe the impact on human society of scientifically established proxy measures of climatic anomalies and shows that the human evidence for the first millennium of our era is much richer than scientists generally assume. Food production was the foundation of the medieval economy, the generation and distribution of wealth. In the early-medieval world of limited storage and interregional transport, severe climatic anomalies, among other factors, could disrupt food production and supply. Particularly if they caused famines, such disruptions have long attracted historians concerned with demography (mortal ity), politics (rebellions), and, most recently, culture or mentality.1 Direct cor relation between severe climatic anomalies and historical events is often obvious, even if the details prove to be complex. For instance, in the reign of Pippin III, the severe winter of 763-64 provoked famine, and that surely explains the sus pension of the major effort by the king to conquer Aquitaine the following sum mer.2 This paper explores palaeoclimate data recovered from the Greenland Ice