Homogenization and miniaturization of habitat structure in temperate marine forests
Homogenization and miniaturization of habitat structure in temperate marine forests
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温带海洋森林生境结构的均质化和小型化
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15759
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Wernberg T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pessarodona A;Filbee-Dexter K;Alcoverro T;Boada J;Feehan C;Fredriksen S;Grace S;Nakamura Y;Narvaez C;Norderhaug KM;Wernberg T
人类正在迅速改变地球生态系统的结构配置，但这些变化及其生态后果在水下栖息地仍然很难量化。在这里，我们表明，森林形成海藻的损失和四大洲地面覆盖“草皮”的兴起一直导致水下栖息地结构的小型化，海景向可居住空间较小的平坦栖息地汇聚。在全球范围内，草坪海景占据了较小的建筑特征空间，并且在结构上比海洋森林更相似，这证明了栖息地的同质化。令人惊讶的是，这种栖息地趋同发生，尽管草坪海景组成的物种丰富度和不同的类群提供栖息地架构，以及不同的驱动程序的海洋森林衰退。草皮海景含有高沉积物负荷，在澳大利亚中西部100公里范围内的栖息地小型化导致珊瑚礁保留了额外的约2.42亿吨沉积物（比每年河流输送的沉积物多四个数量级）。总之，这项工作表明，草皮取代海洋森林是一个普遍的现象，对温带珊瑚礁的生态具有深远的影响。
Humans are rapidly transforming the structural configuration of the planet's ecosystems, but these changes and their ecological consequences remain poorly quantified in underwater habitats. Here, we show that the loss of forest‐forming seaweeds and the rise of ground‐covering ‘turfs’ across four continents consistently resulted in the miniaturization of underwater habitat structure, with seascapes converging towards flattened habitats with smaller habitable spaces. Globally, turf seascapes occupied a smaller architectural trait space and were structurally more similar across regions than marine forests, evidencing habitat homogenization. Surprisingly, such habitat convergence occurred despite turf seascapes consisting of vastly different species richness and with different taxa providing habitat architecture, as well as across disparate drivers of marine forest decline. Turf seascapes contained high sediment loads, with the miniaturization of habitat across 100s of km in mid‐Western Australia resulting in reefs retaining an additional ~242 million tons of sediment (four orders of magnitude more than the sediments delivered fluvially annually). Together, this work demonstrates that the replacement of marine forests by turfs is a generalizable phenomenon that has profound consequences for the ecology of temperate reefs.