THE EFFECTS OF BEHAVIORAL RISKS ON ABSENTEEISM AND HEALTH-CARE COSTS IN THE WORKPLACE
THE EFFECTS OF BEHAVIORAL RISKS ON ABSENTEEISM AND HEALTH-CARE COSTS IN THE WORKPLACE
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DOI：
10.1097/00043764-199111000-00006
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发表时间：
1991-11-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
BERTERA, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BERTERA, RL
在一个庞大的、多元化的工业劳动力大军中，对45976名员工进行了行为风险因素对缺勤和医疗成本的影响分析。采用横断面设计对1984年至1988年收集的健康风险评估和体检数据进行评估。与没有行为风险的员工相比，具有六种行为风险的员工的缺勤率(范围为10%至32%)显著更高。这些差异导致有风险的人比没有风险的人的疾病成本(定义为补偿、医疗保健和非医疗保健福利)要高得多。高危人群每年的超额疾病成本分别是：吸烟960美元；超重401美元；过量饮酒389美元；胆固醇升高370美元；高血压343美元；安全带使用不足272美元；缺乏锻炼130美元。只有一个因素，即缺乏锻炼，在调整了年龄、教育程度、薪酬类别和其他六种行为风险后，没有显著意义。保守估计，每年因过度患病而造成的总成本为7080万美元。这些发现表明，关键行为风险的成本提供了一个机会，通过健康促进、健康生活方式的财务激励以及影响健康行为的环境变化来管理医疗成本的增加。
The impact of behavioral risk factors on absenteeism and health-care costs was analyzed among 45,976 employees in a large, diversified industrial work force. A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate health risk appraisal and physical-examination data collected from 1984 through 1988. Employees with any of six behavioral risks had significantly higher absenteeism (range = 10% to 32%) compared with those without risks. These differences led to significantly higher illness costs (defined as compensation, health care, and non-health care benefits) for those with risks compared with those without risks. Annual excess illness costs per person at risk were smoking, $960; overweight, $401; excess alcohol, $389; elevated cholesterol, $370; high blood pressure, $343; inadequate seatbelt use, $272; and lack of exercise, $130. Only one factor, lack of exercise, was not significant after adjusting for age, education, pay category, and the six other behavioral risks. The total cost to the company of excess illness was conservatively estimated at $70.8 million annually. These findings suggest that the cost of key behavioral risks provides an opportunity to manage health-care cost increases through health promotion, financial incentives for healthy lifestyle, and environmental changes that affect health behaviors.