FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF ANTISACCADE EYE-MOVEMENTS INVESTIGATED WITH POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF ANTISACCADE EYE-MOVEMENTS INVESTIGATED WITH POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.92.3.925
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发表时间：
1995-01-31
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
HOLZMAN, PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ODRISCOLL, GA;ALPERT, NM;HOLZMAN, PS
人们对额叶在精神和神经疾病中的作用的兴趣与日俱增，这使得额叶功能测试变得流行起来。其中之一是反眼跳任务，在该任务中，尽管(PRO)眼跳任务中的表现正常，但巴斯额叶患者和精神分裂症患者仍受到损害。我们使用正电子发射断层扫描技术来检测与正常人的眼跳试验相关的脑血流变化。我们发现，在抗眼跳中比眼跳更活跃的大脑区域与眼动回路高度一致，包括前额眼区(FEF)、辅助运动区、丘脑和壳核。顶上叶和初级视觉皮质也明显更活跃。相比之下，前额叶区域46和9在眼跳时并不比眼跳时更活跃。一些额叶患者在反扫视任务中的表现被比作运动迟缓，或无法启动意志力运动。正是意志力的运动和抑制竞争反应的必要性，直观地将这一任务与额叶患者的背外侧前额叶皮质联系在一起。我们的数据表明，是前额叶皮质的FEF区分了在刺激保持不变的情况下，所需的动眼反应发生变化的情况，而不是在人类研究中与复杂认知任务的表现有关的第46区和第9区。这一结论与对非人类灵长类动物的单一单位研究一致，这些研究发现，眼动回路的执行部分FEF可以触发、抑制和设定眼跳的目标。
Increasing interest in the role of the frontal lobe in relation to psychiatric and neurologic disorders has popularized tests of frontal function. One of these is the antisaccade task, in which bath frontal lobe patients and schizophrenics are impaired despite normal performance on (pro)saccadic tasks. We used positron emission tomography to examine the cerebral blood flow changes associated with the performance of antisaccades in normal individuals. We found that the areas of the brain that were more active during antisaccades than saccades were highly consistent with the oculomotor circuit, including frontal eye fields (FEFs), supplementary motor area, thalamus, and putamen. Superior parietal lobe and primary visual cortex were also significantly more active. In contrast, prefrontal areas 46 and 9 were not more active during antisaccades than during saccades. Performance of some frontal patients on the antisaccade task has been likened to a bradykinesia, or the inability to initiate a willed movement. It is the necessity to will the movement and inhibit competing responses that intuitively linked this task to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in frontal patients. Our data suggest that it is the FEFs in prefrontal cortex that differentiate between conditions in which the required oculomotor response changes while the stimulus remains the same, rather than areas 46 and 9, which, in human studies, have been linked to the performance of complex cognitive tasks. Such a conclusion is consistent with single-unit studies of nonhuman primates that have found that the FEFs, the executive portion of the oculomotor circuit, can trigger, inhibit, and set the target of saccades.