Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Cerebellum Cortex Fractional Anisotropy in Pre-Adolescents
Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Cerebellum Cortex Fractional Anisotropy in Pre-Adolescents
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DOI：
10.3390/adolescents1020007
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Boyce, Shanika
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Assari, Shervin;Boyce, Shanika
简介：小脑皮质分数各向异性是小脑皮质完整性的代表。然而，人们对种族和社会经济地位（SES）指标（例如父母教育程度和家庭收入）如何影响这一现象知之甚少。目的：在美国青春期前青少年的全国样本中，本研究有两个目的：测试两个SES指标（即父母教育和家庭收入）对小脑皮质部分各向异性的影响，并探讨这些影响的种族差异。方法：利用青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的数据，我们分析了 9565 名 9-10 岁青春期前儿童的扩散磁共振成像 (dMRI) 数据。主要结果是使用 dMRI 分别计算左右半球的小脑皮质分数各向异性。自变量是父母教育程度和家庭收入；两者都被视为分类变量。年龄、性别、种族和家庭婚姻状况是协变量。比赛是主持人。为了分析数据，我们使用了不带交互项和带交互项的混合效应回归模型。 We controlled for propensity score and MRI device.结果：父母高教育程度和家庭收入与右下和左小脑皮质分数各向异性相关。在汇总样本中，我们发现种族与父母教育和家庭收入之间存在显着的相互作用，这表明父母教育和家庭收入对左右小脑皮层各向异性分数的影响对于白人来说明显大于黑人青春期前的人。结论：SES指标，即父母教育程度和家庭收入，对黑人家庭的青春期前小脑皮层微观结构和完整性的影响弱于白人家庭。这一发现与边缘化相关的回报递减（MDR）一致，即社会经济地位指标对黑人和其他种族和少数群体的影响比对白人的影响更弱。
Introduction: Cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy is a proxy of the integrity of the cerebellum cortex. However, less is known about how it is shaped by race and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental education and household income. Purpose: In a national sample of American pre-adolescents, this study had two aims: to test the effects of two SES indicators, namely parental education and household income, on cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy, and to explore racial differences in these effects. Methods: Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we analyzed the diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) data of 9565, 9-10-year-old pre-adolescents. The main outcomes were cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy separately calculated for right and left hemispheres using dMRI. The independent variables were parental education and household income; both treated as categorical variables. Age, sex, ethnicity, and family marital status were the covariates. Race was the moderator. To analyze the data, we used mixed-effects regression models without and with interaction terms. We controlled for propensity score and MRI device. Results: High parental education and household income were associated with lower right and left cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy. In the pooled sample, we found significant interactions between race and parental education and household income, suggesting that the effects of parental education and household income on the right and left cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy are all significantly larger for White than for Black pre-adolescents. Conclusions: The effects of SES indicators, namely parental education and household income, on pre-adolescents' cerebellum cortex microstructure and integrity are weaker in Black than in White families. This finding is in line with the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), defined as weaker effects of SES indicators for Blacks and other racial and minority groups than for Whites.