SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03647-4
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发表时间：
2021-05-24
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Ellebedy, Ali H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Turner, Jackson S.;Kim, Wooseob;Ellebedy, Ali H.
长寿命骨髓浆细胞（BMPC）是保护性抗体的持久和必要来源（1-7）。从COVID-19中康复的个体再次感染SARS-CoV-2的风险显著降低（8-10）。尽管如此，据报道，抗SARS-CoV-2血清抗体水平在感染后的最初几个月内迅速下降，引起了人们的担忧，即可能不会产生长寿命的BMPC，并且针对SARS-CoV-2的体液免疫可能是短暂的（11-13）。在这里，我们发现在经历过轻度SARS-CoV-2感染的恢复期个体（n = 77）中，血清抗SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白（S）抗体水平在感染后的前4个月迅速下降，然后在接下来的7个月内逐渐下降，至少在感染后11个月仍可检测到。抗S抗体滴度与感染后7至8个月从COVID-19中恢复的18名个体的骨髓抽吸物中S特异性浆细胞的频率相关。在11名无SARS-CoV-2感染史的健康个体的抽吸物中未检测到S特异性BMPC。我们发现S结合BMPC是静止的，这表明它们是稳定区室的一部分。在恢复期个体中检测到针对SARS-CoV-2 S的循环静息记忆B细胞。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，轻度感染SARS-CoV-2诱导了强大的抗原特异性，长寿命的体液免疫记忆在人类中。
Long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) are a persistent and essential source of protective antibodies(1-7). Individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 have a substantially lower risk of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2(8-10). Nonetheless, it has been reported that levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies decrease rapidly in the first few months after infection, raising concerns that long-lived BMPCs may not be generated and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may be short-lived(11-13). Here we show that in convalescent individuals who had experienced mild SARS-CoV-2 infections (n = 77), levels of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) antibodies declined rapidly in the first 4 months after infection and then more gradually over the following 7 months, remaining detectable at least 11 months after infection. Anti-S antibody titres correlated with the frequency of S-specific plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates from 18 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 at 7 to 8 months after infection. S-specific BMPCs were not detected in aspirates from 11 healthy individuals with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that S-binding BMPCs are quiescent, which suggests that they are part of a stable compartment. Consistently, circulating resting memory B cells directed against SARS-CoV-2 S were detected in the convalescent individuals. Overall, our results indicate that mild infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans.