Early exposure to dynamic environments alters patterns of motor exploration throughout the lifespan.
Early exposure to dynamic environments alters patterns of motor exploration throughout the lifespan.
复制标题
早期暴露于动态环境会改变整个生命周期的运动探索模式。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.007
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rebec,GeorgeV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hong,SLee;Estrada-Sánchez,AnaMaría;Barton,ScottJ;Rebec,GeorgeV
我们评估了早期饲养条件对与衰老相关的小鼠行为变化的影响。将两个隔离房屋组--跑轮组(IHRW)和空笼组(IHEC)与两种丰富的环境--静态环境(EEST)和动态环境(Eedy)--进行了比较，这两种环境都包括玩具和其他老鼠。对于伊迪来说，玩具以及食物和水源的位置每天都会改变，但在EEST中保持不变。所有小鼠在∼4周龄时被随机分配到四组中的一组，在各自的环境中停留25周，然后在空笼中单独居住。从40周龄的∼开始，所有小鼠每隔一个月在一个正形迷宫中进行测试，在这个迷宫中，我们测量了进入手臂的数量和进入垂直手臂的可能性。尽管与其他组相比，IHEC小鼠进入手臂的次数要多得多，但它们也不太可能变成左臂或右臂，这是运动不灵活的迹象。与IHRW和IHEC组相比，EADY和EEST小鼠都表现出了更强的转身能力，但只有EADY小鼠在∼100周龄时保持了它们的转身能力。在纹状体中主要谷氨酸转运体(GLT1)的表达增加，但在运动皮质中表达减少，这也是Eedy和EEST小鼠的独特之处，这表明需要进一步评估环境干预对前脑谷氨酸传输的长期变化。我们的行为结果表明，早期暴露在不断变化的环境中，而不是单独进行社交或锻炼，会导致运动探索模式的终身变化。
We assessed early rearing conditions on aging-related changes in mouse behavior. Two isolated-housing groups, running wheel (IHRW) and empty cage (IHEC), were compared against two enriched environments, static (EEST) and dynamic (EEDY), both of which included toys and other mice. For EEDY, the location of toys and sources of food and water changed daily, but remained constant for EEST. All mice, randomly assigned to one of the four groups at ∼4 weeks of age, remained in their respective environments for 25 weeks followed by single housing in empty cages. Beginning at ∼40 weeks of age, all mice were tested at monthly intervals in a plus-shaped maze in which we measured the number of arm entries and the probability of entering a perpendicular arm. Despite making significantly more arm entries than any other group, IHEC mice also were less likely to turn into the left or right arm, a sign of motor inflexibility. Both EEDY and EEST mice showed enhanced turning relative to IHRW and IHEC groups, but only EEDY mice maintained their turning performance for up to ∼100 weeks of age. EEDY and EEST mice also were unique in showing an increase in expression of the major glutamate transporter (GLT1) in striatum, but a decrease in motor cortex, suggesting a need for further assessment of environmental manipulations on long-term changes in forebrain glutamate transmission. Our behavioral results indicate that early exposure to continually changing environments, rather than socialization or exercise alone, results in life-long changes in patterns of motor exploration.