Ecosystem effects of shell aggregations and cycling in coastal waters: an example of Chesapeake Bay oyster reefs
Ecosystem effects of shell aggregations and cycling in coastal waters: an example of Chesapeake Bay oyster reefs
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沿海水域贝壳聚集和循环的生态系统影响：切萨皮克湾牡蛎礁的例子
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Mann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Waldbusser;E. Powell;R. Mann
疾病、过度捕捞和污染削弱了双壳类在沿海生态系统中的作用，有些甚至到了功能灭绝的地步。在这些系统中，许多双壳类的功能被低估了，那就是贝壳形成。人们已经认识到双壳类贝壳的生态意义；人们现在更清楚地了解了地球化学效应。在温带河口贝壳聚集度和健康双壳贝类种群之间存在正反馈，从而将种群动态与贝壳预算和碱度循环联系起来。在牡蛎礁上，平衡的贝壳预算需要健康、长寿的双壳贝类，以最大限度地增加每次死亡事件的贝壳输入，从而抵消贝壳的损失。活跃和密集的滤食性双壳类种群将富含有机废物的产生与碳酸钙矿物的沉淀结合在一起，为碱度再生创造了有利条件。尽管这些过程的动态没有得到很好的描述，但贝壳埋藏和代谢酸产生之间的平衡似乎是碱度产生与碳埋壳的程度的关键。我们提出了一个估计的碱度预算，突出了牡蛎礁曾经在切萨皮克湾无机碳循环中扮演的重要角色。可持续的沿海和河口双壳贝类种群需要全面了解贝壳预算和种群动态之间的反馈、贝壳破坏因素以及人为对沿海碳酸盐化学的影响。
Disease, overharvesting, and pollution have impaired the role of bivalves on coastal ecosystems, some to the point of functional extinction. An underappreciated function of many bivalves in these systems is shell formation. The ecological significance of bivalve shell has been recognized; geochemical effects are now more clearly being understood. A positive feedback exists between shell aggregations and healthy bivalve populations in temperate estuaries, thus linking population dynamics to shell budgets and alkalinity cycling. On oyster reefs a balanced shell budget requires healthy long-lived bivalves to maximize shell input per mortality event thereby countering shell loss. Active and dense populations of filter-feeding bivalves couple production of organic-rich waste with precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals, creating conditions favorable for alkalinity regeneration. Although the dynamics of these processes are not well described, the balance between shell burial and metabolic acid production seems the key to the extent of alkalinity production vs. carbon burial as shell. We present an estimated alkalinity budget that highlights the significant role oyster reefs once played in the Chesapeake Bay inorganic-carbon cycle. Sustainable coastal and estuarine bivalve populations require a comprehensive understanding of shell budgets and feedbacks among population dynamics, agents of shell destruction, and anthropogenic impacts on coastal carbonate chemistry.