Human-landscape interactions in the Bologna area (northern Italy) during the mid-late Holocene, with focus on the Roman period
Human-landscape interactions in the Bologna area (northern Italy) during the mid-late Holocene, with focus on the Roman period
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DOI：
10.1177/0959683613499054
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Bitelli, Remo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruno, Luigi;Amorosi, Alessandro;Bitelli, Remo
综合沉积学和考古调查中晚全新世沉积物从博洛尼亚的地下阐明了复杂的关系之间的城市住区，人类社会，地貌和气候变化在南部边缘的波河平原。在更新世-全新世不整合面之上，全新世层序形成了一个复杂的冲积物镶嵌体。两个古土壤，跨越约8000-5000 cal. yr BP和3200-1500 cal. yr BP，分别代表了最突出的地层标志，在整个研究单位。大量来自较年轻的古土壤的考古遗迹使我们能够确定从铁器时代早期到罗马时代晚期的一系列不间断的定居点。铁器时代的第一批永久性定居点位于地势较高的地区，免受洪水侵袭。在这一时期，儿童发育的开始反映了人类住区通过广泛控制河流网络和建立有规律的灌溉渠道对环境的根本改变。罗马帝国扩张时期的特点是气候异常稳定。这一阶段得到了大量保存完好的考古材料的证明，包括建筑物、墓地、街道和灌溉渠道。罗马古土壤的地下相关性使罗马地形的详细重建，特别注重河流路径和通信路线。罗马帝国的衰落，受到毁灭性的流行病和野蛮人入侵的打击，又受到气候恶化的影响，导致农村土地的放弃和河流网络的退化，最终有利于罗马定居点的埋葬。
Integrated sedimentological and archaeological investigations of mid-late Holocene deposits from the subsurface of Bologna elucidate the complex relationship among urban settlement, human society, geomorphology and climate change at the southern margin of the Po Plain. Above the Pleistocene-Holocene unconformity, the Holocene succession forms an intricate mosaic of alluvial deposits. Two palaeosols, spanning between about 8000-5000 cal. yr BP and 3200-1500 cal. yr BP, respectively, represent the most prominent stratigraphic markers across the study units. A huge amount of archaeological remains from the younger palaeosol enables the identification of an uninterrupted sequence of settlements from the Early Iron Age to the Late Roman period. The first permanent settlements of Iron Age took place in a topographically elevated region protected from flooding. The onset of paedogenesis during this period reflects the radical transformation of the environment by human settlements through widespread control of the river network and setting of regular patterns of irrigation channels. A period of exceptional climate stability characterized the expansion of the Roman Empire. This phase is testified by a wealth of exceptionally preserved archaeological material, including buildings, cemetery sites, streets and irrigation channels. Subsurface correlations of the Roman palaeosol enable detailed reconstruction of the Roman topography, with special focus on fluvial paths and communication routes. The decline of the Roman Empire, hit by a devastating epidemic and the barbarian invasions, was paralleled by a phase of climatic deterioration, resulting in the abandonment of rural lands and degradation of the river network, which ultimately favoured the burial of Roman settlement.