When Farmers Use ‘Pieces of Paper’ to Record Their Land Transactions in Francophone Rural Africa: Insights into the Dynamics of Institutional Innovation
When Farmers Use ‘Pieces of Paper’ to Record Their Land Transactions in Francophone Rural Africa: Insights into the Dynamics of Institutional Innovation
复制标题
当非洲法语农村地区的农民用“纸片”记录土地交易时：洞察制度创新的动态
DOI：
10.1080/714000432
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. L. Delville
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. L. Delville
在过去几十年里，关于非洲农村土地保有权政策的辩论主要围绕两个问题展开：土地登记和地籍制度;以及土地市场的出现，这被认为是个人私有制扩大的前奏。国际机构使用的概念框架，财产权的进化理论1承认所谓的习惯权利在人口密度低和经济竞争少的地方具有动态和有效的性质。然而，它认为，由国家保障的个人私有制需要变得普遍：实质上，它声称，当赌注提高时，土地权利变得不确定，导致冲突。这导致了对政府的“制度创新的诱导需求”，政府为了满足农民的期望，必须发行所有权，从而引发经济发展的过程。这一理论的许多方面都可能受到质疑。特别是，提供土地所有权的预期效果远未得到保证[Shipton，1988;布鲁斯和Mighot-Adholla，1994; Platteau，1996; Deininger和Feder，1998]。
Debate on land tenure policies in rural Africa over the last few decades has hinged on two main issues: land registration and cadastral systems; and the emergence of a land market, as the supposed prelude to the spread of individual private ownership. The conceptual framework used by international institutions, the evolutionary theory of property rights1 acknowledges the dynamic, efficient nature of so-called customary rights where population density is low and there is little economic competition. However, it argues that individual private ownership, guaranteed by the state, needs to become widespread: in substance, it claims that when the stakes are raised, land rights become uncertain, leading to conflict. This results in an ‘induced demand for institutional innovation’addressed to governments which, to meet farmers’ expectations, must then issue ownership title, triggering a process of economic development. Many aspects of this theory can be challenged. In particular, the expected effects of providing land title are far from guaranteed [Shipton, 1988; Bruce and Mighot-Adholla, 1994; Platteau, 1996; Deininger and Feder, 1998].