Warming at the population level: Effects on age structure, density, and generation cycles.
Warming at the population level: Effects on age structure, density, and generation cycles.
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人口层面的变暖：对年龄结构、密度和世代周期的影响。
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.4972
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Laughton AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laughton AM
尽管温度在决定变温动物的发育速率方面发挥着核心作用，但人们对气候变化对年龄结构强烈的人口的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了变暖及其与资源可用性的相互作用对螟蛾Plodia interpunctella种群动态的影响，其种群通常表现出世代周期，这是强烈且不对称的年龄相关竞争的结果。比标准培养温度升高 3°C 会导致种群密度、年龄结构和种群动态发生重大变化。在变暖的种群中，成虫数量大约增加了 50%，这可能是因为与变暖相关的繁殖力下降导致幼虫竞争减少，从而使更多的幼虫发育成成年。变暖还与资源可用性相互作用，从而改变种群动态，当提供标准实验室饮食时，该物种典型的世代周期在 30° 种群中破裂，但当使用减少的营养不良饮食时则不会。升温 6° 要么导致物种迅速灭绝，要么导致实验期间种群持续保持低密度。我们的结论是，即使是适度的变暖也会对人口结构和动态产生相当大的影响，在某些情况下可能导致动态的彻底改变。鉴于大量经济上重要的物种表现出世代循环，这些结果特别相关，在许多情况下是由与 P 中运行的机制类似的机制产生的。 间点。
The impact of climate change on strongly age‐structured populations is poorly understood, despite the central role of temperature in determining developmental rates in ectotherms. Here we examine the effect of warming and its interactions with resource availability on the population dynamics of the pyralid mothPlodia interpunctella,populations of which normally show generation cycles, a consequence of strong and asymmetric age‐related competition. Warming by 3°C above the standard culture temperature led to substantial changes in population density, age structure, and population dynamics. Adult populations were some 50% larger in warmed populations, probably because the reduced fecundity associated with warming leads to reduced larval competition, allowing more larvae to develop to adulthood. Warming also interacted with resource availability to alter population dynamics, with the generation cycles typical of this species breaking down in the 30° populations when standard laboratory diet was provided but not when a reduced nutrient poor diet was used. Warming by 6° led to either rapid extinction or the persistence of populations at low densities for the duration of the experiment. We conclude that even moderate warming can have considerable effects on population structure and dynamics, potentially leading to complete changes in dynamics in some cases. These results are particularly relevant given the large number of economically important species that exhibit generation cycling, in many cases arising from similar mechanisms to those operating inP. interpunctella.