Reconstructing the History of Mesoamerican Populations through the Study of the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region
Reconstructing the History of Mesoamerican Populations through the Study of the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0044666
复制
发表时间：
2012-09-19
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Martin, Antonio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorostiza, Amaya;Acunha-Alonzo, Victor;Gonzalez-Martin, Antonio
遗传信息的研究可以揭示人类种群历史的重建。我们对来自7个中美洲土著群体和1个来自大西南地区的干旱美洲人的605个人的整个mtDNA控制区（位置16.024至576，根据剑桥参考序列，CRS）进行了测序，所有这些人都在现在的墨西哥。样本是直接从土著居民中收集的，个人调查的应用使得有可能去除相关或与其他来源的样本。计算多样性指数和人口统计估计值。并根据不同的标准计算了amova。建立了基于FST距离的MDS图。我们对检测到的四个美洲印第安人单倍群进行了个体网络的构建。最后，利用屏障软件检测群体间的遗传边界。结果表明：土著群体有共同的起源；少量的欧洲混合物；以及种族间的基因流动。中美洲人类定居的过程受到该地区地形的影响，遗传和文化差异的发展促进了这一进程。我们发现遗传结构的存在与该地区的地理有关，而不是与语言等文化参数有关。人类种群逐渐变得碎片化，尽管他们仍然相对孤立，并因种群规模小和不同的生存策略而分化。干旱美洲与中美洲之间存在遗传差异，可细分为“东部”、“中部”、“西部”和“东南部”。分裂过程主要发生在中美洲前古典时期，Otomi是最古老的群体之一。随着研究群体数量的增加和先前发表的数据的增加，结论没有变化，尽管可以在Pima和Huichol群体中检测到显着的遗传异质性。这一结果可以解释，因为历史上被划分为属于同一群体的人口实际上是不同的土著人口。
The study of genetic information can reveal a reconstruction of human population's history. We sequenced the entire mtDNA control region (positions 16.024 to 576 following Cambridge Reference Sequence, CRS) of 605 individuals from seven Mesoamerican indigenous groups and one Aridoamerican from the Greater Southwest previously defined, all of them in present Mexico. Samples were collected directly from the indigenous populations, the application of an individual survey made it possible to remove related or with other origins samples. Diversity indices and demographic estimates were calculated. Also AMOVAs were calculated according to different criteria. An MDS plot, based on FST distances, was also built. We carried out the construction of individual networks for the four Amerindian haplogroups detected. Finally, barrier software was applied to detect genetic boundaries among populations. The results suggest: a common origin of the indigenous groups; a small degree of European admixture; and inter-ethnic gene flow. The process of Mesoamerica's human settlement took place quickly influenced by the region's orography, which development of genetic and cultural differences facilitated. We find the existence of genetic structure is related to the region's geography, rather than to cultural parameters, such as language. The human population gradually became fragmented, though they remained relatively isolated, and differentiated due to small population sizes and different survival strategies. Genetic differences were detected between Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica, which can be subdivided into "East", "Center", "West" and "Southeast". The fragmentation process occurred mainly during the Mesoamerican Pre-Classic period, with the Otomi being one of the oldest groups. With an increased number of populations studied adding previously published data, there is no change in the conclusions, although significant genetic heterogeneity can be detected in Pima and Huichol groups. This result may be explained because populations historically assigned as belonging to the same group were, in fact, different indigenous populations.