Continuous performance test and schizophrenia:: A test of stimulus-response compatibility, working memory, response readiness, or none of the above?
Continuous performance test and schizophrenia:: A test of stimulus-response compatibility, working memory, response readiness, or none of the above?
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.772
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
Goldberg, TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elvevåg, B;Weinberger, DR;Goldberg, TE
目的：注意力异常被认为是精神分裂症患者认知功能的根本缺陷。作者对精神分裂症患者（N=20）和正常对照受试者（N=30）进行了两种类型的认知任务的变化，以测试可能解释这种异常的四种可能的认知机制。方法：采用连续性能测试方法对四种机构进行测试。刺激-反应映射是通过比较任务的结果来探索的，在任务中，如果单词“九”前面有单词“一”，受试者就会做出反应，而在任务中，要求的反应是由刺激物明确表示的（单词“准备”后面有单词“按压”）。通过控制提示刺激和命令刺激出现的概率（17%或50%）来测试显性反应倾向的建立。通过使用不同的延迟间隔（1000 msec和3000 msec）来测试维持上下文信息所需的工作记忆量。警觉性问题在多大程度上可能归因于反应准备的“运动”部分的问题，是通过让受试者在执行注意任务的同时执行次要运动任务来操作的。结果：精神分裂症患者在所有任务上的表现明显差于正常对照受试者。然而，连续表现测试任务的四种操作对患者的表现速度或准确性没有差异影响。相比之下，组、延迟间隔和目标概率之间存在显著的交互作用，在较短的延迟间隔和较低的目标概率下，患者出现了不成比例的遗漏错误。结论：研究结果可能会对某些著名的当代精神分裂症患者持续表现测试表现的机制解释能力提出质疑。研究结果表明，在某些“不引人入胜”的情况下，快速编码信息（即构建表征）的困难可能是与该注意力测试相关的任务缺陷的核心。
Objective: Abnormalities of attention are considered the fundamental deficits in cognitive function manifested by patients with schizophrenia. The authors administered variations of two types of cognitive tasks to patients with schizophrenia (N=20) and normal comparison subjects (N=30) to test four possible cognitive mechanisms that might account for such abnormalities.Method: Variations of the Continuous Performance Test were used to test the four mechanisms. Stimulus-response mapping was explored by comparing results on a task in which subjects were to make a response if the word "nine" was preceded by the word "one" with results on a task in which the required response was made explicit by the stimulus (the word "ready" followed by the word "press"). The building up of a prepotent response tendency was tested by manipulating the probability with which the cue and imperative stimulus appeared (17% or 50%). The amount of working memory required to maintain contextual information was tested by using different delay intervals (1000 msec and 3000 msec). The extent to which problems in vigilance might be attributable to problems in the "motoric" component of response readiness was operationalized by having subjects perform a secondary motor task concurrent with the attentional task.Results: Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than the normal comparison subjects on all tasks. However, none of the four manipulations of the Continuous Performance Test tasks had a differential impact on the patients' performance speed or accuracy. In contrast, there was a significant interaction of group, delay interval, and target probability in which patients made disproportionately more omission errors at short delay intervals and at low target probabilities.Conclusions: The findings may call into question the explanatory power of certain well-known contemporary mechanistic accounts of performance on the Continuous Performance Test in patients with schizophrenia. The findings suggest that a difficulty in rapidly encoding information (i.e., constructing a representation) in certain "unengaging" situations may be at the core of deficits on tasks associated with this attentional test.