Clinical pathological and epidemiological assessment of morphologically and immunologically confirmed canine leukaemia
Clinical pathological and epidemiological assessment of morphologically and immunologically confirmed canine leukaemia
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00189.x
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Blackwood, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adam, F.;Villiers, E.;Blackwood, L.
传统上，犬白血病的分类依赖于形态学检查和细胞化学染色模式，但异常的细胞形态和染色摄取通常会限制准确的分类，并且基于此分类的历史数据可能不可靠。免疫表型是目前白血病分类的金标准。本前瞻性研究的目的是评估经形态学和免疫学证实的白血病犬群的临床病理学和流行病学特征，并在急性和慢性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL和CLL）以及急性和慢性髓性白血病（AML和CML）类别内进行比较。有64例形态学和免疫学证实的白血病：25例ALL，17例CLL和22例AML。ALL和CLL中B和T免疫表型的患病率无统计学差异。急性髓细胞白血病犬的年龄明显小于急性淋巴细胞白血病犬（P = 0.04）。与对照犬群相比，研究犬群中金毛猎犬的代表性过高（6/25例ALL病例，8/64例白血病病例）。没有性别比例过高。与CLL相比，ALL犬的中性粒细胞减少症（P = 0.001）和血小板减少症（P = 0.002）显著更严重，血细胞减少症也显著更多。在ALL和AML中观察到的血细胞减少的严重程度和数量没有显著差异。21例白血病患者出现1例血细胞减少，14例出现2例血细胞减少，21例出现全血细胞减少。贫血是最常见的血细胞减少症（17/21）。所有犬均未出现中性粒细胞减少症，且无贫血和/或血小板减少症。两组间总白色血细胞计数无差异。外周血中的非典型细胞计数在ALL中显著高于AML;无论是在分离中还是作为总白色血细胞计数的百分比（P = 0.03）。这项研究加强了急性白血病比慢性白血病引起更严重的血细胞减少，影响更多的细胞系的假设。
Traditionally, classification of leukaemia in dogs has relied on morphological examination and cytochemical staining patterns, but aberrant cellular morphology and stain uptake often curtails accurate categorization, and historical data based on this classification may be unreliable. Immunophenotyping is now the gold standard for classification of leukaemias. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the clinical pathological and epidemiological features of a population of dogs with morphologically and immunologically confirmed leukaemia and to compare them within categories: acute and chronic lymphoid leukaemia (ALL and CLL), and acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia (AML and CML). There were 64 cases of morphologically and immunologically confirmed leukaemia: 25 cases of ALL, 17 cases of CLL and 22 cases of AML. Prevalence of B and T immunophenotypes in ALL and CLL was not statistically different. Dogs with AML were significantly younger than those with ALL at presentation (P = 0.04). Golden Retriever dogs in the study population were overrepresented in comparison with a control population of dogs (6/25 ALL cases, 8/64 leukaemia cases). No sex was overrepresented. Dogs with ALL had significantly more severe neutropenia (P = 0.001) and thrombocytopenia (P = 0.002) than those with CLL and had significantly more cytopenias. The severity and numbers of cytopenias seen in ALL and AML were not significantly different. Twenty-one of the leukaemia cases showed one cytopenia, fourteen had two cytopenias and twenty-one cases had pancytopenia. Anaemia was the most common cytopenia seen in isolation (17/21). No dogs had neutropenia without anaemia and/or thrombocytopenia. Total white blood cell counts were not different between the groups. The atypical cell counts within the peripheral blood were significantly higher in ALL than AML; both in isolation and as a percentage of the total white blood cell count (P = 0.03). This study strengthens the hypothesis that acute leukaemias give rise to more profound cytopenias, affecting more cell lines, than chronic leukaemias.