Dynamic Changes of Sediment Discharge and the Influencing Factors in the Yellow River, China, for the Recent 90 Years
Dynamic Changes of Sediment Discharge and the Influencing Factors in the Yellow River, China, for the Recent 90 Years
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DOI：
10.1002/clen.201000319
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Xingmin Mu;Xiu-min Zhang;H. Shao;P. Gao;Fei Wang;Ju-ying Jiao;Jingliang Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xingmin Mu;Xiu-min Zhang;H. Shao;P. Gao;Fei Wang;Ju-ying Jiao;Jingliang Zhu
根据单县水文站年降雨量系列和年泥沙系列，评估了1919—2008年90年来我国黄河输沙量的动态变化。研究了降雨、人类活动等影响泥沙排放的关键因素。采用距平累积法和双质量曲线测试泥沙流量的阶段变化，确定泥沙递减的主要因素。结果表明，自然条件下年平均输沙量约为16×10(8)t，而1919-2008年实测年平均输沙量为12.71×10(8)t。研究期间年平均最高流量为1933年39.10×10(8)t，最低为2008年1.77×10(8)t。黄河排沙量分别经历了两个低沙阶段（1924-1931年和1979-2008年）和高沙阶段（1932-1971年）。 1979年以来，泥沙排放量呈明显减少趋势，主要影响因素是剧烈的人类活动。开发后时期（1979-2008年）年平均泥沙排放量比开发前（1919-1978年）减少69.7%，其中人类活动和降雨导致的年平均减少量分别为81%和19%。这些成果为制定黄河水资源质量和环境安全保护政策提供了重要依据。
The dynamic changes in the sediment discharge over 90 years from 1919 to 2008 in the Yellow River in China were assessed on the basis of annual rainfall series and annual sediment series in Shan County hydrological station. The key factors affecting sediment discharge, such as rainfall, and human activities were studied. Anomaly accumulation method and double mass curve were employed to test the stage changes of sediment discharge, and to determine the main factors of sediment decline. Results showed that the annual average sediment discharge under natural conditions was about 16 x 10(8) t, but the measured annual average sediment during 1919-2008 was 12.71 x 10(8) t. The highest annual average during the study period was 39.10 x 10(8) t in 1933 while the lowest was 1.77 x 10(8) t in 2008. Sediment discharge in the Yellow River experienced two low sediment stages (1924-1931 and 1979-2008) and a high sediment stage (1932-1971), respectively. Since 1979, there was a significant decreasing trend in the sediment discharge, and the main influencing factor was fierce human activities. Annual average sediment discharge in the post-development period (1979-2008) was 69.7% lower than that in the pre-development period (1919-1978), with average reduction of 81 and 19% caused by human activities and rainfall, respectively. These results provide important evidence for making protecting policy for water resources quality and environmental safety of the Yellow River.