DIVA Vaccination Strategies for Avian Influenza Virus
DIVA Vaccination Strategies for Avian Influenza Virus
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DOI：
10.1637/10207-041512-review.1
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Suarez, David L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suarez, David L.
低致病性禽流感和高致病性禽流感的疫苗接种在禽流感病毒流行的国家普遍使用，但在最近出现疾病的国家，淘汰政策仍然很常见。对感染和处于危险中的鸡群实施安乐死的政策一直是一种有效的控制工具，但它的社会和经济成本很高。努力寻找应对疫情的替代方法，而不是广泛的扑灭，已成为世界动物卫生组织等组织的目标。禽流感疫苗接种的一个主要问题是贸易方面的考虑，因为接种疫苗的国家往往被认为是该疾病的地方病，它们通常会失去出口市场。作为促进贸易的工具，DIVA（区分感染和接种疫苗的动物）的概念已被考虑用于禽流感，但贸易的目标是区分接种疫苗和未感染的动物与接种疫苗和感染的动物，因为贸易伙伴不愿意接受受感染的鸟类。针对DIVA策略，已经研究了几种不同的策略，但每种策略都有优点和缺点。将讨论对DIVA战略的研究和实施的现有知识的审查，以及在实地实施这一战略的可能途径。对一个可行的DIVA策略的日益增长的愿望可能会导致这些想法之一从实验走向实践。
Vaccination for both low pathogenicity avian influenza and highly pathogenic avian influenza is commonly used by countries that have become endemic for avian influenza virus, but stamping-out policies are still common for countries with recently introduced disease. Stamping-out policies of euthanatizing infected and at-risk flocks has been an effective control tool, but it comes at a high social and economic cost. Efforts to identify alternative ways to respond to outbreaks without widespread stamping out has become a goal for organizations like the World Organisation for Animal Health. A major issue with vaccination for avian influenza is trade considerations because countries that vaccinate are often considered to be endemic for the disease and they typically lose their export markets. Primarily as a tool to promote trade, the concept of DIVA (differentiate infected from vaccinated animals) has been considered for avian influenza, but the goal for trade is to differentiate vaccinated and not-infected from vaccinated and infected animals because trading partners are unwilling to accept infected birds. Several different strategies have been investigated for a DIVA strategy, but each has advantages and disadvantages. A review of current knowledge on the research and implementation of the DIVA strategy will be discussed with possible ways to implement this strategy in the field. The increased desire for a workable DIVA strategy may lead to one of these ideas moving from the experimental to the practical.