SPATIAL PATTERNS IN THE LENGTH OF THE SEA-ICE SEASON IN THE SOUTHERN-OCEAN, 1979-1986
SPATIAL PATTERNS IN THE LENGTH OF THE SEA-ICE SEASON IN THE SOUTHERN-OCEAN, 1979-1986
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DOI：
10.1029/94jc01146
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发表时间：
1994-08-15
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
PARKINSON, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PARKINSON, CL
海冰季节的长度概括为一个数字，即一个地点全年的冰覆盖情况。当在大面积上进行空间测绘并检查区域和年际差异时，它就成为一个特别有价值的变量，正如这里使用Nimbus 7号扫描多通道微波辐射计的卫星被动微波数据对1979-1986年南大洋所做的那样。三个突出的地理异常的冰季长度发生在每年的数据集，反对从南到北的冰季缩短的一般趋势：（1）在威德尔海的趋势是从西南到东北的冰季缩短，反映在威德尔海地区的气旋冰/大气/海洋环流。(2)罗斯冰架以北的冰季非常短，仅持续245-270天，与别林斯高晋海和阿蒙森海南部以及威德尔海西部的常年冰层覆盖形成鲜明对比。罗斯冰架的冰季很短，这反映了每年春天冰盖在沿着大陆坡和大陆架的上升流以及南极大陆风吹来的大气作用力的影响下，总是提前开放。(3)在阿蒙森海南部，海岸附近的冰季非常短，这是因为在许多与海洋接壤的小冰架上经常存在沿海冰穴。在1979年至1986年期间的冰季长度的最小二乘趋势是高度连贯的空间，整体趋势较短的冰季在北方威德尔和别林斯高晋海和更长的冰季在罗斯海，周围的东南极洲，并在南部中部威德尔海的一部分。
The length of the sea ice season summarizes in one number the ice coverage conditions for an individual location for an entire year. It becomes a particularly valuable variable when mapped spatially over a large area and examined for regional and interannual differences, as is done here for the Southern Ocean over the years 1979-1986, using the satellite passive microwave data of the Nimbus 7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer. Three prominent geographic anomalies in ice season lengths occur consistently in each year of the data set, countering the general tendency toward shorter ice seasons from south to north: (1) In the Weddell Sea the tendency is toward shorter ice seasons from southwest to northeast, reflective of the cyclonic ice/atmosphere/ocean circulations in the Weddell Sea region. (2) Directly north of the Ross Ice Shelf anomalously short ice seasons occur, lasting only 245-270 days, in contrast to the perennial ice coverage at comparable latitudes in the southern Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas and in the western Weddell Sea. The short ice season off the Ross Ice Shelf reflects the consistently early opening of the ice cover each spring, under the influence of upwelling along the continental slope and shelf and atmospheric forcing from winds blowing off the Antarctic continent. (3) In the southern Amundsen Sea, anomalously short ice seasons occur adjacent to the coast, owing to the frequent existence of coastal polynyas off the many small ice shelves bordering the sea. Least squares trends in the ice season lengths over the 1979-1986 period are highly coherent spatially, with overall trends toward shorter ice seasons in the northern Weddell and Bellingshausen seas and toward longer ice seasons in the Ross Sea, around much of East Antarctica, and in a portion of the south central Weddell Sea.