Forensic voice identification in France
Forensic voice identification in France
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DOI：
10.1016/s0167-6393(99)00079-5
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Boë, LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boë, LJ
在用于法律的身份鉴定的信息来源中，指纹和基因数据似乎提供了高度的可靠性。可以评估混淆可能具有相同指纹特征或相同遗传标记的两个个体的概率，并量化误报的风险。就其性质而言，这些数据不会随着时间的推移而发生重大变化，而且嫌疑人无法修改这些数据。错误的隐喻术语“声纹”导致许多人（不仅仅是普通大众）认为声音就像指尖的乳头脊一样可靠。事实并非如此。根据目前的证据，法国的某些地方法官过于重视对声音的分析，除了帮助指导调查外，沿着其他指标不应使用。在本来文中，提交人将详细说明在法国依法进行的调查过程中进行声音分析的条件，并将试图界定这一程序的限制，以及进行可靠的统计检验的困难（和不可能）。然后，将对1900年以来法国演讲界发起的讨论和通过的立场声明进行历史回顾。最后，本文将提出一些想法和建议，供专家们在国家、欧洲和国际层面上与警察、宪兵和司法部门合作讨论，以推动在科学框架内寻求法律的身份证明，并最终制定明确的协议。(C)2000由Elsevier Science B.V.出版，保留所有权利。
Among the sources of information used in legal identification, fingerprints and genetic data seem to provide a high degree of reliability. It is possible to evaluate the probability of confusing two individuals who might possess the same fingerprint characteristics or the same genetic markers, and to quantify the risk of a false alarm. By their very nature, these data do not vary significantly over the course of time, and they cannot be modified by a suspect. The erroneous metaphoric term "voiceprint" leads many people (not only the general public) to believe that the voice is as reliable as the papillary ridges of the fingertips. This is not the case. According to present evidence, certain magistrates in France attach far too much importance to analyses of the voice which, along with other indices, should not be used except to help in directing an investigation. In this communication, the author will detail the conditions under which, in France, voice analyses are carried out in the course of an investigation undertaken by the law, and will attempt to define the limits of this protocol, and the difficulty (and impossibility) of producing a reliable statistical test. A historical review will then be presented of the discussions initiated by and position statements adopted by the French speech community since 1900. Finally some ideas and proposals will be put forward in conclusion, which might be discussed by specialists in speech in collaboration with the police, the gendarmerie, and the magistrature, on a national, European, and international level, to advance the search for legal proof of identification within a scientific framework, and to end up with well-defined protocols. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.