The life cycle environmental impacts of a novel sustainable ammonia production process from food waste and brown water
The life cycle environmental impacts of a novel sustainable ammonia production process from food waste and brown water
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128776
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
S. Ghavam;Caroline M. Taylor;P. Styring
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Ghavam;Caroline M. Taylor;P. Styring
为了取代现有的高影响力氨生产技术，采用生命周期思维和可持续设计原则，以效率、碳排放、水和电力使用竞争力为目标，设计了一种新的可持续发展驱动的基于废物的技术，在有和没有尿素的情况下生产绿色氨。我们已经使用生命周期评估，以确定是否摇篮到门，多种配置的核心废物为基础的工艺集成了几个碳捕获/利用的选择，可以竞争环境与其他可用的氨技术。与化石燃料和可再生能源技术相比，我们的废物制氨工艺可减少非生物消耗、人类毒性和温室气体（GHG）排放的潜在影响。在评估的技术中，将黑暗发酵与厌氧消化相结合，并捕获CO2用于封存或以后使用，对温室气体，水和能源最有效，与传统氨相比，消耗的能源减少27%，温室气体减少98%。用水量比水电解低38%，每公斤NH3的温室气体比城市垃圾焚烧低94%。此外，尽管能源需求增加，但通过整合工艺CO2的尿素生产来取代传统的高影响尿素，显著降低了生命周期对环境的影响。在肥料-N的基础上，没有暗发酵的氨+尿素配置在所有类别上表现最好。甲烷和氨泄漏几乎会造成所有生命周期的影响，这表明未能防止泄漏会破坏诸如此类的新技术的有效性。我们的研究结果表明，这里设计的绿色氨/氨+尿素工艺系列可以减少浪费，防止从氨生产中释放额外的CO2，同时避免基于化石的替代品，减少生物废物源的排放。
To replace existing high impact ammonia production technologies, a new sustainability-driven waste-based technology producing green ammonia with and without urea was devised using life cycle thinking and sustainable design principles, targeting efficiency, carbon emissions, water, and power use competitiveness. We have used life cycle assessment to determine whether cradle-to-gate, multiple configurations of the core waste-based processes integrating several carbon capture/utilization options can compete environmentally with other available ammonia technologies. Our waste-to-ammonia processes reduce potential impacts from abiotic depletion, human toxicity, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to fossil-based and renewable technologies. Among the assessed technologies, coupling dark fermentation with anaerobic digestion and capturing CO2for sequestration or later use is most efficient for GHGs, water, and energy, consuming 27% less energy and reducing GHGs by 98% compared to conventional ammonia. Water use is 38% lower than water electrolysis and GHGs are 94% below municipal waste incineration routes per kg NH3. Additionally, displacing conventional, high impact urea by integrating urea production from process CO2decreases life cycle environmental impacts significantly despite increased energy demand. On a fertilizer-N basis, the ammonia + urea configuration without dark fermentation performs best on all categories included. Methane and ammonia leakage cause nearly all life cycle impacts, indicating that failing to prevent leakage undermines the effectiveness of new technologies such as these. Our results show that a green ammonia/ammonia + urea process family as designed here can reduce waste and prevent the release of additional CO2from ammonia production while avoiding fossil-based alternatives and decreasing emissions from biogenic waste sources.