Polymerizations in Continuous Flow: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diverse Polymeric Materials
Polymerizations in Continuous Flow: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diverse Polymeric Materials
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DOI：
10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00933
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
7.015
通讯作者：
Pitet, Louis M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reis, Marcus H.;Leibfarth, Frank A.;Pitet, Louis M.
近年来，在管式反应器中使用连续流动技术进行精密聚合的报道数量大大增加。流动聚合可以高效地制备具有明确分子特征的聚合物，并已被应用于许多单体和各种聚合机理，包括阴离子、阳离子、自由基和开环。在连续流动中进行的聚合具有几个明显的优点，包括使用剧毒成分、高压和高温进行放热聚合提高了效率、重复性和安全性。因此，该技术的进一步发展对许多工业聚合过程具有重要意义。虽然近年来取得了很大的进展，但仍有机会增加以连续方式合成的聚合物材料的组成和结构的复杂性。将迄今为止专注于优化均聚的反应器处理原理扩展到包括多嵌段嵌段共聚物，特别是来自通过不相容机制传播的单体的嵌段共聚物，是连续流动聚合的主要挑战和梦寐以求的目标。同样，流动化学提供的反应性的空间和时间控制已经并将继续使复杂聚合物结构的生产成为可能。本观点提供了连续流动聚合的简要背景，主要集中在管式(微)反应器上，并包括与这些具体发展相关的精选实例。
The number of reports using continuous flow technology in tubular reactors to perform precision polymerizations has grown enormously in recent years. Flow polymerizations allow highly efficient preparation of polymers exhibiting well-defined molecular characteristics, and has been applied to a slew of monomers and various polymerization mechanisms, including anionic, cationic, radical, and ring-opening. Polymerization conducted in continuous flow offers several distinct advantages, including improved efficiency, reproducibility, and enhanced safety for exothermic polymerizations using highly toxic components, high pressures, and high temperatures. The further development of this technology is thus of relevance for many industrial polymerization processes. While much progress has been demonstrated in recent years, opportunities remain for increasing the compositional and architectural complexity of polymeric materials synthesized in a continuous fashion. Extending the reactor processing principles that have heretofore been focused on optimizing homopolymerization to include multisegment block copolymers, particularly from monomers that propagate via incompatible mechanisms, represents a major challenge and coveted target for continuous flow polymerization. Likewise, the spatial and temporal control of reactivity afforded by flow chemistry has and will continue to enable the production of complex polymeric architectures. This Viewpoint offers a brief background of continuous flow polymerization focused primarily on tubular (micro)reactors and includes selected examples that are relevant to these specific developments.