The effect of swimmer's hand/forearm acceleration on propulsive forces generation using computational fluid dynamics
The effect of swimmer's hand/forearm acceleration on propulsive forces generation using computational fluid dynamics
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.03.012
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Alves, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rouboa, A;Silva, A;Alves, F
游泳者手/前臂产生的推进力已通过实验测试进行了研究。然而，人们严重怀疑以这种方式量化的力量是否足够准确而有意义。为了解决一些实验问题，已经提出了一些使用计算流体动力学（CFD）的数值技术。目前工作的主要目的有三个。首先，传播 CFD 作为游泳研究新工具的使用。其次，应用 CFD 方法计算阻力和升力系数，该系数由使用稳定流动条件的游泳者手/前臂周围流动的数值分辨率方程得出。第三，评估手/前臂加速度对阻力和升力系数的影响。为了这些目的，研究了男性右手/前臂的三个二维（213）模型。一个正面模型（theta = 90 度，Phi = 90 度）和两个侧面模型，一个以拇指为前缘（theta = 0 度，Phi = 90 度），另一个以小指为前缘（theta = 0 度，Phi = 180 度）。所考虑的控制方程组是具有标准 k-epsilon 模型的不可压缩雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程。主要结果表明，在稳态流动条件下，阻力系数对推进力贡献较大，并且在整个速度范围内几乎恒定，最大值为1.16（C-d = 1.16）。当手/前臂的方向是平面并且模型垂直于流动方向时，这是有效的。在手/前臂加速条件下，推力计算的测量值比稳态流动条件下产生的力（44.428 N）高约22.5％（54.440 N）。根据指出的结果，我们可以得出结论：（i）CFD 可以被认为是游泳水动力计算的一种有趣的新方法，（ii）手/前臂的加速度为游泳者提供了更多的推进力，证实了游泳推进中必定存在一些非定常机制。 (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Propulsive forces generated by swimmers hand/forearm, have been studied through experimental tests. However, there are serious doubts as to whether forces quantified in this way are accurate enough to be meaningful. In order to solve some experimental problems, some numerical techniques have been proposed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The main purpose of the present work was threefold. First, disseminate the use of CFD as a new tool in swimming research. Second, apply the CFD method in the calculation of drag and lift coefficients resulting from the numerical resolution equations of the flow around the swimmers hand/forearm using the steady flow conditions. Third, evaluate the effect of hand/forearm acceleration on drag and lift coefficients. For these purposes three, two-dimensional (213), models of a right male hand/forearm were studied. A frontal model (theta = 90 degrees Phi = 90 degrees) and two lateral models, one with the thumb as leading edge (theta = 0 degrees, = 90 degrees), and the other with the small finger as the leading edge (theta = 0 degrees, Phi = 180 degrees). The governing system of equations considered was the incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the standard k-epsilon model. The main results reported that, under the steady-state flow condition, the drag coefficient was the one that contributes more for propulsion, and was almost constant for the whole range of velocities, with a maximum value of 1.16 (C-d = 1.16). This is valid when the orientation of the hand/forearm is plane and the model is perpendicular to the direction of the flow. Under the hand/forearm acceleration condition, the measured values for propulsive forces calculation were approximately 22.5% (54.440 N) higher than the forces produced under the steady flow condition (44.428 N). By the results, pointed out, we can conclude that: (i) CFD can be considered an interesting new approach for hydrodynamic forces calculation on swimming, (ii) the acceleration of hand/forearm provides more propulsion to swimmers, confirming that some unsteady mechanism must be present in swimming propulsion. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.