Conceptualizing and Measuring the Quality of Democracy: The Citizens’ Perspective

Conceptualizing and Measuring the Quality of Democracy: The Citizens’ Perspective
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民主质量的概念化和衡量：公民的视角

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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Edeltraud Roller
Edeltraud Roller
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
Dieter Fuchs;Edeltraud Roller

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近年来，已经制定了几种民主质量的衡量标准（例如民主晴雨表、民主项目的多样性）。这些客观衡量标准侧重于民主的制度和程序特征。本文的前提是，为了充分理解民主的质量，这种客观测量必须辅以基于公民视角的主观测量。本文的目的是概念化和衡量民主的主观质量。首先，民主主观品质的概念化由公民对民主的三种规范模式（选举民主、自由民主和直接民主）的支持组成。其次，根据 2005-2007 年世界价值观调查，提出了一种衡量民主主观质量的不同维度的工具。第三，针对一些欧洲和非欧洲自由民主国家提出了不同民主模式的分布。它们揭示了民主国家主观品质的显着差异。第四，根据民主多样性（V-Dem）项目制定的三个指标（选举民主、自由民主和直接普选），将这些国家的主观民主质量与客观民主质量进行比较。最后，讨论了进一步的研究问题。
In recent years, several measurements of the quality of democracy have been developed (e.g. Democracy Barometer, Varieties of Democracy Project). These objective measurements focus on institutional and procedural characteristics of democracy. This article starts from the premise that in order to fully understand the quality of democracy such objective measurements have to be complemented by subjective measurements based on the perspective of citizens. The aim of the article is to conceptualize and measure the subjective quality of democracy. First, a conceptualization of the subjective quality of democracy is developed consisting of citizens’ support for three normative models of democracy (electoral, liberal, and direct democracy). Second, based on the World Values Survey 2005–2007, an instrument measuring these different dimensions of the subjective quality of democracy is suggested. Third, distributions for different models of democracy are presented for some European and non-European liberal democracies. They reveal significant differences regarding the subjective quality of democracies. Fourth, the subjective quality of democracy of these countries is compared with the objective quality of democracy based on three indices (electoral democracy, liberal democracy and direct popular vote) developed by the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Finally, further research questions are discussed.