A GEOCHEMICAL APPROACH TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY IN PREDYNASTIC EGYPT
A GEOCHEMICAL APPROACH TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY IN PREDYNASTIC EGYPT
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-4754.1982.tb01002.x
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发表时间：
1982-08
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
R. Allen;M. S. Rogers;R. Mitchell;M. A. Hoffman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Allen;M. S. Rogers;R. Mitchell;M. A. Hoffman
由于陶瓷制品是前王朝埃及遗址的主要组成部分，因此尽可能多地从这些材料中学习是很重要的。当有大量的陶瓷碎片时，基于类型学分类方案的统计处理可以揭示不同对象的使用模式。了解这些物品是如何以及在哪里制造的也是有价值的，因为这表明了生产这些日常使用的物品和那些为特殊目的（如埋葬）保留的物品所需的努力。希拉康波利斯的前王朝时期（公元前4000- 3100年）的广泛定居点和墓地提供了一个重要的研究领域，因为在各种文化背景下发现了大量的陶瓷碎片（例如亚当斯1974，Quibell 1900，Petrie 1900，霍夫曼1978）。虽然这个特殊的网站包括考古遗迹跨越约25万年（从旧石器时代到托勒密时代），最大的兴趣是在前王朝时期。大量的窑址（超过15个独立的地点）已被确定，以及广泛的区域所覆盖的碎片表明，这一地区是一个主要的陶瓷工业的网站。当看陶瓷文物的分布在各个前王朝遗址在希拉康波利斯一个容易观察到的陶器类型的明显差异与定居区和墓地。在定居点群中发现的大多数碎片都经过了回火（用稻草或石头），相对较软。另一方面，在大瓦迪被广泛破坏的墓地周围发现的大多数碎片是未经回火的坚硬的梅红陶器，通常在容器顶部装饰有黑色区域。另一个有趣的，可能相关的观察是，在定居点地区发现的lulns显然是用来制作稻草回火陶器的，而在墓地附近的瓦迪北侧的lulns较小，似乎是用来生产更硬的梅红陶器。这项研究的目的是建立一个更好的了解陶瓷技术，以确定是否有理由在墓地附近单独的专门窑。
Since ceramic artifacts are the primary components of Predynastic Egyptian sites, it is important to learn as much as possible from this material. When there are large numbers of ceramic sherds, a statistical treatment based upon a typological classification scheme can reveal patterns in the use of different objects. It would also be valuable to know how and where these objects were manufactured, as ths indicates the efforts necessary to produce those things used everyday and those reserved for special purposes such as burials. The extensive Predynastic (4000-3 100 BC) settlements and cemeteries at Hierakonpolis provide an important area to study because of the very large number of ceramic sherds found in a variety of cultural contexts (eg Adams 1974, Quibell 1900, Petrie 1900, Hoffman 1978). Although this particular site includes archaeological remains spanning about 250 000 years (from Lower Paleolithic to Ptolmaic times) the greatest interest is in the Predynastic period. The large number of kiln sites (over 15 separate localities) which have been identified as well as the extensive areas covered by sherds suggest that this area was the site of a major ceramic industry.When looking at the distribution of ceramic artifacts among the various Predynastic sites at Hierakonpolis one readily observes a distinct difference in the type of pottery associated with the settlement areas and the cemeteries. Most of the sherds found in settlement clusters were tempered (with straw or stone) and are relatively soft. On the other hand, a majority of the fragments found around the extensively disturbed cemetery area on the Great Wadi are untempered hard Plum Red Ware which was often decorated with a black area on the top of the vessel. Another interesting, and probably related, observation is that the lulns identified in settlement areas were apparently used to make Straw Tempered Ware while lulns on the north side of the Wadi near the cemetery areas were smaller and seem to have been used to produce the harder Plum Red Ware. The goal of this study was to establish a better understanding of the ceramic technology in order to determine whether there was reason for separate specialized kilns near the cemetery.