Stem cells and molecular strategies to restore hearing.
Stem cells and molecular strategies to restore hearing.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2008-02
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
S. Pauley;B. Kopecky;K. Beisel;G. Soukup;Bernd Fritzsch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Pauley;B. Kopecky;K. Beisel;G. Soukup;Bernd Fritzsch
对于全世界老年人来说，听力损失是一个代价高昂且日益严重的问题，数百万人受到影响。目前有两种假肢装置可最大程度地减少与两种形式的听力损失相关的问题：放大声音以克服中耳传导性听力损失的助听器和在神经感觉听力损失后恢复部分听力的人工耳蜗。当前的演示提供了有关神经感觉性听力损失治疗的信息。尽管针对神经感觉性听力损失的人工耳蜗解决方案技术先进；它仍然只能为神经感觉聋人提供中等听力能力。诱导干细胞和分子疗法是人工耳蜗植入物的有吸引力的替代方案，并且可能提供的不仅仅是一种新的治疗形式，因为它们有望治愈。为此，目前对诱导干细胞的见解正在审查，这些干细胞可能提供用于种植耳蜗的细胞，以期形成新的毛细胞。或者，与干细胞的诱导类似，毛细胞损失后剩余的扁平上皮细胞可以被诱导增殖并分化为毛细胞。在这两种策略中，将利用已知对毛细胞分化或维持至关重要的毛细胞特异性基因（例如 ATOH1、POU4F3、GFI1 和 miRNA-183），希望完全恢复所有听力损失患者的听力。
Hearing loss is a costly and growing problem for the elderly population worldwide with millions of people being affected. There are currently two prosthetic devices available to minimize problems associated with the two forms of hearing loss: hearing aids that amplify sound to overcome middle ear based conductive hearing loss and cochlear implants that restore some hearing after neurosensory hearing loss. The current presentation provides information on the treatment of neurosensory hearing loss. Although the cochlear implant solution for neurosensory hearing loss is technologically advanced; it still provides only moderate hearing capacity in neurosensory deaf individuals. Inducible stem cells and molecular therapies are appealing alternatives to the cochlear implant and may provide more than a new form of treatment as they hold the promise for a cure. To this end, current insights into inducible stem cells that may provide cells for seeding the cochlea with the hope of new hair cell formation are being reviewed. Alternatively, similar to induction of stem cells, cells of the flat epithelium that remains after hair cell loss could be induced to proliferate and differentiate into hair cells. In either of these strategies, hair cell specific genes known to be essential for hair cell differentiation or maintenance such as ATOH1, POU4F3, GFI1, and miRNA-183 will be utilized with the hope of completely restoring hearing to all patients with hearing loss.