Secretory immunity and the bacterial IgA proteases.
Secretory immunity and the bacterial IgA proteases.
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分泌性免疫和细菌 IgA 蛋白酶。
DOI：
10.1093/clinids/3.3.521
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Andrew G. Plaut
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stephen J. Kornfeld;Andrew G. Plaut
综述了微生物IgA蛋白酶的特点和功能。这些酶代表了一组结构各异的蛋白质，它们由能够引起人类疾病的细菌分泌到细胞外环境中。IgA蛋白酶对金属离子的需求不同，是中性内肽酶，其在感染过程中的作用尚不清楚，但其对IgA1亚类人蛋白的明显底物特异性已被反复证实。作为试剂，IgA蛋白酶在切割IgA分子以产生完整的Fc α和Fab α片段方面是有用的，这将允许研究IgA免疫球蛋白蛋白的两个大区域的结构和功能。尽管分泌性免疫系统主要由IgA同型抗体介导，其中包括IgA1亚类蛋白，这些蛋白易被IgA蛋白酶切割，但这些酶在促进奈瑟氏菌属、血友病菌属和链球菌的致病成员感染方面的作用（如果有的话）尚不清楚。要确定这些酶在人类感染发病机制中的作用，必须更清楚地了解分泌部位的抗原性和抗体功能，以及人类IgA的两个亚类在免疫防御中的相对作用。
The characteristics and functions of microbial IgA proteases are reviewed. These enzymes represent a structurally heterogeneous group of proteins that are secreted into the extracellular environment by bacteria capable of causing human disease. The IgA proteases, which vary in their requirements for metal ions, are neutral endopeptidases whose role in the infectious process is not known but whose pronounced substrate specificity for human proteins of the IgA1 subclass has repeatedly been demonstrated. As reagents, the IgA proteases are useful in cleaving IgA molecules to yield intact Fc alpha and Fab alpha fragments that will allow the study of the structure and function of the two large regions of IgA immunoglobulin proteins. The role, if any, of these enzymes in promoting infection by pathogenic members of the genera Neisseria, Hemophilus, and Streptococcus is not known, although the secretory immune system is primarily mediated by antibodies of the IgA isotype, among which are IgA1 subclass proteins, and these proteins are susceptible to cleavage by IgA protease. The determination of the role of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of human infection must await clearer understanding of antigenicity and antibody function at secretory sites and of the relative roles of the two subclasses of human IgA in immune defense.