Anxiety-linked expectancy bias across the adult lifespan.
Anxiety-linked expectancy bias across the adult lifespan.
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成人一生中与焦虑相关的预期偏差。
DOI：
10.1080/02699931.2012.711743
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Teachman,BethanyA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinman,ShariA;Smyth,FrederickL;Bucks,RomolaS;Macleod,Colin;Teachman,BethanyA
焦虑的特征是消极的预期偏差，因此焦虑的个体报告对未来的负面扭曲的预期。与焦虑相反，衰老的特征是一种积极效应，即相对于消极信息，衰老与关注和记住积极信息的倾向有关。目前的研究整合了这些文献，以检查在考虑未来时与焦虑和年龄相关的偏见。参与者（N= 1109）完成了一个程序，包括阅读有价值的情景（积极的、消极的或模糊的），然后评估未来有价值事件发生的可能性。结果表明，衰老和焦虑具有相互独立和对立的作用。无论情景当前的情绪效价如何，高度焦虑与对积极事件期望的降低有关，而年龄的增长与对积极事件期望的膨胀有关，当个体处理与社会相关或消极的情景时，这种期望最为强烈。
Anxiety is characterised by a negative expectancy bias, such that anxious individuals report negatively distorted expectations about the future. Contrary to anxiety, ageing is characterised by a positivity effect, such that ageing is associated with a tendency to attend to and remember positive information, relative to negative information. The current study integrates these literatures to examine anxiety- and age-linked biases when thinking about the future. Participants (N=1,109) completed a procedure that involved reading valenced scenarios (positive, negative, or ambiguous) and then rating the likelihood of future valenced events occurring. Results suggest that ageing and anxiety have independent and opposing effects. Heightened anxiety was associated with a reduced expectancy for positive events, regardless of the scenarios’ current emotional valence, whereas increased age was associated with an inflated expectancy for positive events, which was strongest when individuals were processing socially relevant or negative scenarios.