Effects of metallic system components on marine electromagnetic loop data
Effects of metallic system components on marine electromagnetic loop data
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金属系统组件对海洋电磁回路数据的影响
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2478.12984
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发表时间：
--
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schwalenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Müller;Haroon;Schwalenberg
电磁回路系统依赖于在传感器附近使用非导电材料，以最大限度地减少叠加在测量数据上的偏置效应。对于海洋传感器，刚性、紧凑性和平台操作的简易性至关重要。因此，通常在刚性、成本效益和非导电材料之间进行折衷对于专用于受控源电磁测量的系统，关键系统组件和传感器之间的空间分离可能是可行的，而紧凑的多传感器平台，遥控车辆和自动无人驾驶车辆需要在传感器附近使用导电部件。虽然数据分析和地质解释从每种增加的仪器和多学科方法中受益匪浅，但这在测量的电磁数据中引入了系统性和平台无关性偏差。在这个范围内，我们提出了两个针对时域和频域中的环源电磁应用的可比案例研究：时域系统将紧凑的设计转换为15 m的清晰间隔，上层玻璃框架（用于容纳最关键的钛系统组件）和下层框架（用于线圈和接收器）之间的清晰间隔。对于频域剖面仪，通过圆形玻璃纤维平台实现紧凑和刚性的设计，该平台承载发射和接收线圈以及多个钛外壳和仪器。在这项研究中，我们通过应用经过分析和实验验证的3D有限元模型，分析和量化导电物体对时域和频域线圈系统的准静态影响。此外，我们提出的校准和优化程序，以尽量减少固有的偏差在测量数据。数值实验不仅显示了对反演结果的偏差的意义，而且还显示了对已知环境的分析计算响应的系统校准的效率。校准后的剩余偏差是海底电导率的时间/频率依赖函数，这使通常估计的噪声基底从1%增加到2%，降低了设备的灵敏度和分辨率。通过优化关键导电系统组件（例如钛外壳）的尺寸和位置和/或修改发射器/接收器的几何形状，我们显着减少了这种残余偏差对反演结果的影响，如3D建模所示。这些程序激发了设计专用、紧凑、低偏置平台的机会，并通过最大限度地减少其对受控源电磁传感器灵敏度的影响，为自主和远程操纵设计提供了解决方案。
Electromagnetic loop systems rely on the use of non‐conductive materials near the sensor to minimize bias effects superimposed on measured data. For marine sensors, rigidity, compactness and ease of platform handling are essential. Thus, commonly a compromise between rigid, cost‐effective and non‐conductive materials (e.g. stainless steel versus fibreglass composites) needs to be found. For systems dedicated to controlled‐source electromagnetic measurements, a spatial separation between critical system components and sensors may be feasible, whereas compact multi‐sensor platforms, remotely operated vehicles and autonomous unmanned vehicles require the use of electrically conductive components near the sensor. While data analysis and geological interpretations benefit vastly from each added instrument and multidisciplinary approaches, this introduces a systematic and platform‐immanent bias in the measured electromagnetic data. In this scope, we present two comparable case studies targeting loop‐source electromagnetic applications in both time and frequency domains: the time‐domain system trades the compact design for a clear separation of 15 m between an upper fibreglass frame, holding most critical titanium system components, and a lower frame with its coil and receivers. In case of the frequency‐domain profiler, the compact and rigid design is achieved by a circular fibreglass platform, carrying the transmitting and receiving coils, as well as several titanium housings and instruments. In this study, we analyse and quantify the quasi‐static influence of conductive objects on time‐ and frequency‐domain coil systems by applying an analytically and experimentally verified 3D finite element model. Moreover, we present calibration and optimization procedures to minimize bias inherent in the measured data. The numerical experiments do not only show the significance of the bias on the inversion results, but also the efficiency of a system calibration against the analytically calculated response of a known environment. The remaining bias after calibration is a time/frequency‐dependent function of seafloor conductivity, which doubles the commonly estimated noise floor from 1% to 2%, decreasing the sensitivity and resolution of the devices. By optimizing size and position of critical conductive system components (e.g. titanium housings) and/or modifying the transmitter/receiver geometry, we significantly reduce the effect of this residual bias on the inversion results as demonstrated by 3D modelling. These procedures motivate the opportunity to design dedicated, compact, low‐bias platforms and provide a solution for autonomous and remotely steered designs by minimizing their effect on the sensitivity of the controlled‐source electromagnetic sensor.
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