Efficiency and Costs of Payments: Some New Evidence from Finland
Efficiency and Costs of Payments: Some New Evidence from Finland
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支付效率和成本：来自芬兰的一些新证据
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.1132664
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Virén
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kari Takala;M. Virén
本文研究最优支付系统。这个问题归结为不同支付媒介的成本有多大，这可以解释为支付手段的效率问题。然而，还有其他与支付媒介的选择有关的资格。在这里，至少可以区分三个问题。第一个问题是每个单独支付的最佳支付媒介（大小，位置，EFTPOS等）。这种选择并非独立于付款人和收款人的个人特征。第二，不同机构和界别的开支是否符合成本效益。最后一个问题涉及每种支付媒介的社会最优值。这些问题在现金的情况下尤其有争议，现金仍然是大多数欧元国家的主要支付媒介。争议的部分原因是，不同支付媒介的成本和收益以完全不同的方式影响不同的市场参与者，因此可能的社会最优可能与不同公司的最优不一致。本文件简要回顾了一些抽样国家的计算方法和实证结果。它还提供了来自芬兰的新证据，芬兰在某种程度上是支付技术和支付系统制度设计的领先者之一。这体现在相对较低的总体支付成本上。我们估计，支付媒介的总成本占GDP的0.3%，按照国际标准，这是非常低的。
This paper deals with optimal payment systems. The issue boils down to how large are the costs of different payment media, which can be interpreted as a question of the efficiency of the means of payment. However, there are other qualifications related to the choice of payment media. Here, at least three issues can be distinguished. First is the question of optimal payment medium for each individual payment (size, location, EFTPOS etc.). This choice is not independent of the individual characteristics of the payer and payee. Secondly, there is the question of cost effectiveness of payments for different institutions and sectors. The final issue concerns the social optimum for each payment medium. These issues have been particularly controversial in the case of cash, which is still the dominant payment medium in most euro countries. Part of the controversy arises from the fact that the costs and benefits of different payment media affect different market participants in quite different ways, so that a possible social optimum might not correspond eg to the optima for different firms. The paper contains a short review of calculation methods and empirical results for a sample of countries. It also provides new evidence from Finland, which is to an extent one of the front-runners in payment technology and institutional design in payment systems. This shows up in relatively low overall costs of payments. Our estimate of total costs of payment media is 0.3 per cent of GDP, which is very low by international standards.