World hydrology : status and prospects ’
World hydrology : status and prospects ’
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世界水文学：现状与前景》
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Raymond;L.;Nace;S. U.
水文学的广泛定义被用作 IHD 计划的指南。然而，对水文学家在现代问题中的定义和作用的解释必须非常自由，因为水不能独立于环境中的其他因素（包括生物因素）而进行现实的研究。水文学研究的最终目的是帮助人类合理利用水。水文学需要进一步学习和研究的方面是无限的，而且不可能一次性全部完成。因此，实际问题中提前获得回报的可能性将强烈影响活动优先级的选择。基础数据对于水资源开发和研究都至关重要。世界上很多地区都缺乏所有水文和相关参数的基础数据，许多开发项目的设计和建设都没有足够的数据基础。 “缺乏”和“充足”是相对术语，其使用通常是主观的。一些缺陷和不足，例如水流数据，没有通常想象的那么严重。其他数据，例如河流中溶解和悬浮固体的数据，无论以任何标准衡量，对于世界大部分地区来说都是不充分的。系统模拟、数据缩减、分析和外推的现代方法使某些类型数据的明显缺陷不像一两年前那么严重。快速获取天气和悬浮固体数据的新方法大面积的连续数据也改善了世界水文学的前景。
The broad definition of hydrology used as a guide for the IHD programme is accepted. Interpretation of the definition and of the role of hydrologists in modern problems, however, must be very liberal, because water cannot be studied realistically independently of other factors in the environment, including biological factors. The ultimate aim of hydrological studies is to aid rational use of water for human purposes. Aspects of hydrology which need further study and research are alinost limitless, and not all can be undertaken at once. Therefore, the likelihood of early payoff in practical problems will strongly influence choice of priority among activities. Basic data are essential both for water development and for research. Basic data for all hydrological and related parameters are deficient for huge areas of the world and many development projects are being designed and constructed without an adequate base of data. ‘I Deficient” and “adequate” are relative terms whose use commonly is subjective. Some deficiencies and inadequacies, such as those for streamflow, are less acute than is commonly supposed. Other data, such as those for dissolved and suspended solids in rivers, are inadequate by any standard for much of the world. Modern methods of systems simulation, data reduction, analysis and extrapolation make apparent deficiencies in some kinds of data much less serious than they were a decade or two ago. New methods for quickly obtaining synoptic and sequential.data for large areas also improve the prospects for world hydrology.