Behavioral Effects of Brain-derived Estrogens in Birds
Behavioral Effects of Brain-derived Estrogens in Birds
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03637.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cornil, Charlotte A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Balthazart, Jacques;Taziaux, Melanie;Cornil, Charlotte A.
在鸟类和其他脊椎动物中，通过睾丸激素芳构化在大脑中产生的雌激素对行为有广泛的影响。对雄性日本鹌鹑进行的研究表明，大脑雌激素对性行为的各个方面的影响，包括食欲和消耗性成分以及学习方面，可以根据它们的时间进程分为两大类。首先，雌激素通过与雌激素受体结合来调节主要涉及神经传递的各种基因的转录。这些神经化学效应最终导致雄性交配行为在几天的潜伏期后被激活。与之相关的是，睾酮及其芳香化代谢产物增加了芳香酶mRNA的转录，导致实际上先于行为激活的酶的浓度和活性增加。其次，最近对鹌鹑的研究表明，大脑芳香酶的活性也可以在几分钟内受到细胞内钙浓度变化调节的磷酸化过程的调节，例如与谷氨酸能神经传递相关的那些过程。大脑雌激素浓度的快速上调或下调(可能是由于芳香酶活性的这些变化所致)通过潜伏期相对较短的非基因组机制(频率在10-15分钟内分别增加或减少)，影响鹌鹑和啮齿类动物的雄性性行为的表达。因此，大脑雌激素通过基因组和非基因组机制影响不同时间尺度上的行为，类似于激素或神经递质的机制。
In birds as in other vertebrates, estrogens produced in the brain by aromatization of testosterone have widespread effects on behavior. Research conducted with male Japanese quail demonstrates that effects of brain estrogens on all aspects of sexual behavior, including appetitive and consummatory components as well as learned aspects, can be divided into two main classes based on their time course. First, estrogens via binding to estrogen receptors regulate the transcription of a variety of genes involved primarily in neurotransmission. These neurochemical effects ultimately result in the activation of male copulatory behavior after a latency of a few days. Correlatively, testosterone and its aromatized metabolites increase the transcription of the aromatase mRNA, resulting in an increased concentration and activity of the enzyme that actually precedes behavioral activation. Second, recent studies with quail demonstrate that brain aromatase activity can also be modulated within minutes by phosphorylation processes regulated by changes in intracellular calcium concentration, such as those associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission. The rapid upregulations or down-regulations of brain estrogen concentration (presumably resulting from these changes in aromatase activity) affect, by nongenomic mechanisms with relatively short latencies (frequency increases or decreases respectively within 10-15 min), the expression of male sexual behavior in quail and also in rodents. Brain estrogens thus affect behavior on different time scales by genomic and nongenomic mechanisms similar to those of a hormone or a neurotransmitter.