The Ohrid Agreement: The Travails of Inter-ethnic Relations in Macedonia
The Ohrid Agreement: The Travails of Inter-ethnic Relations in Macedonia
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奥赫里德协议：马其顿种族间关系的阵痛
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Armend Reka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Armend Reka
本文概述了自2001年签署马其顿突破性框架协议（即奥赫里德协议）以来所带来的一些关键变化。一项权力分享安排将马其顿从内战的边缘拯救了出来。本文描述了《奥赫里德协定》如何通过解决少数民族的宪法地位、他们在公共部门的公平代表权以及2002-2006年期间与高等教育有关的问题来恢复和平。它进一步评估了权力下放作为在多民族环境中维护统一国家的补救措施的优点。因此，它认为，《奥赫里德协定》和随后的改革是朝着振兴马其顿的正确方向迈出的重要步骤，不仅赋予了庞大的阿尔巴尼亚人口权力，也赋予了其他人数较少的社区权力。然而，严峻的挑战依然存在。两个主要民族社区之间的认知和语言差距阻碍了建立一个真正有效的多民族国家的努力。此外，2006年7月大选后组建的新政府引发了争议，并造成影响其欧洲-大西洋观点的紧张局势。这将在多大程度上影响马其顿的多民族民主仍有待观察。
This article provides an overview of some of the key changes brought about by the groundbreaking Framework Agreement (known as the Ohrid Agreement) in Macedonia since its signing in 2001. A power-sharing arrangement, it saved Macedonia from the brink of civil war. This article describes how the Ohrid Agreement restored peace by addressing the constitutional status of minorities, their equitable representation in the public sector and issues connected with higher education in the 2002–2006 period. It further assesses the merits of decentralization as a remedy for safeguarding a unitary state in a multi-ethnic environment. It consequently argues that the Ohrid Agreement and the ensuing reforms have been important steps in the right direction revitalizing Macedonia by empowering not only the sizeable Albanian population but other less numerous communities as well. However, daunting challenges remain ahead. The perception and language gap between the two main ethnic communities hinder efforts for a truly functioning multi-ethnic state. Moreover, the new government formed after the July 2006 general elections has stirred controversy and caused tensions affecting its Euro-Atlantic perspective. To what extent this will affect Macedonia’s multi-ethnic democracy remains to be seen.