Classifying and Analyzing Analogies
Classifying and Analyzing Analogies
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类比分类和分析
DOI：
10.22329/il.v21i3.2246
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
B. Waller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Waller
类比有几种形式，服务于不同的功能。归纳类比是一种常见的类比论证，但批判性思维课文有时会把所有的类比都看作是归纳的。这样的分析忽略了比喻，比喻可以澄清，但不能争辩；也忽略了类比的先验论证，这是法律和伦理学中突出的一种类比论证。通过类比的先验论证是独特的，但与戈维尔和桑斯坦的主张相反，它们最好被理解为演绎，而不是非演绎推理的一种特殊形式。
Analogies come in several forms that serve distinct functions. Inductive analogy is a common type of analogical argument, but critical thinking texts sometimes treat all analogies as inductive. Such an analysis ignores figurative analogies, which may elucidate but do not argue; and also neglects a priori arguments by analogy, a type of analogical argument prominent in law and ethics. A priori arguments by analogy are distinctive, but--contrary to the claims of Govier and Sunstein-they are best understood as deductive, rather than a special form of non deductive reasoning.