Pleiotropy as a mechanism to stabilize cooperation
Pleiotropy as a mechanism to stabilize cooperation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/nature02894
复制
发表时间：
2004-10-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Thompson, CRL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foster, KR;Shaulsky, G;Thompson, CRL
大多数基因影响许多性状（1-4）。这种现象被称为多效性，是进化的主要限制，因为一个性状的适应性变化可能会被阻止，因为它会损害受相同基因影响的其他性状（2，4）。在这里，我们表明，多效性可以有一个意想不到的效果，并有利于最神秘的适应之一合作。一个壮观的合作行为发生在社会阿米巴Dictyosteelicdiscoideum，其中一些细胞死亡，形成一个柄，持有其他细胞作为生殖孢子（5，6）。我们在D.具有两种相反效果的盘状突。它需要接受信号分子DIF-1，导致分化为前茎细胞。忽略DIF-1和不成为前茎应该允许细胞通过避开茎来欺骗。然而，我们发现在含有野生型细胞的聚集体中，缺乏dimA基因会导致被孢子排除在外。这种柄和孢子形成的多效性联系限制了D.盘状体，因为在前柄细胞生产上的缺陷导致孢子的更大减少。我们认为，作弊和个人成本之间的多效性联系的演变可以稳定合作适应。
Most genes affect many traits(1-4). This phenomenon, known as pleiotropy, is a major constraint on evolution because adaptive change in one trait may be prevented because it would compromise other traits affected by the same genes(2,4). Here we show that pleiotropy can have an unexpected effect and benefit one of the most enigmatic of adaptations-cooperation. A spectacular act of cooperation occurs in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, in which some cells die to form a stalk that holds the other cells aloft as reproductive spores(5,6). We have identified a gene, dimA(7), in D. discoideum that has two contrasting effects. It is required to receive the signalling molecule DIF-1 that causes differentiation into prestalk cells. Ignoring DIF-1 and not becoming prestalk should allow cells to cheat by avoiding the stalk. However, we find that in aggregations containing the wildtype cells, lack of the dimA gene results in exclusion from spores. This pleiotropic linkage of stalk and spore formation limits the potential for cheating in D. discoideum because defecting on prestalk cell production results in an even greater reduction in spores. We propose that the evolution of pleiotropic links between cheating and personal costs can stabilize cooperative adaptations.