A review of phytate, iron, zinc, and calcium concentrations in plant-based complementary foods used in low-income countries and implications for bioavailability
A review of phytate, iron, zinc, and calcium concentrations in plant-based complementary foods used in low-income countries and implications for bioavailability
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DOI：
10.1177/15648265100312s206
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Ferguson, Elaine L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibson, Rosalind S.;Bailey, Karl B.;Ferguson, Elaine L.
植物性补充食品通常含有高水平的植酸盐，这是一种有效的铁，锌和钙吸收抑制剂。本文综述了植酸盐（六肌醇和五肌醇磷酸盐），铁，锌，钙和相应的植酸盐的浓度：矿物质的摩尔比在26个土著和27个商业加工的植物为基础的补充食品在低收入国家销售。植酸盐浓度最高的是基于未精制谷物和豆类的补充食品（类似于600 mg/100 g干重），其次是精制谷物（类似于100 mg/100 g干重），然后是淀粉根和块茎（< 20 mg/100 g干重）;矿物质浓度遵循相同的趋势。百分之六十二（16/26）的土著和37%（10/27）的加工补充食品具有至少两个肌醇六磷酸盐：矿物质摩尔比（用于估计相对矿物质生物利用度）超过建议的矿物质吸收的理想水平（即，植酸盐：铁< 1，植酸盐：锌< 18，植酸盐：钙< 0.17）。植酸盐：铁，植酸盐：锌，植酸盐：钙的理想的摩尔比分别为25%，70%和57%，所提出的补充食品，往往通过富集动物源性食品和/或强化矿物质。无论是在家庭还是在商业上，脱植酸都有可能提高高植酸补充食品中矿物质的吸收，尽管可能不足以克服低收入国家使用的植物性补充食品中铁、锌和钙含量的不足。相反，为了确保世界卫生组织估计的母乳喂养婴儿对植物性补充食品中这些矿物质的需求得到满足，脱植酸必须与动物源食品的富集和/或用适当水平和形式的矿物质强化剂进行强化相结合。
Plant-based complementary foods often contain high levels of phytate, a potent inhibitor of iron, zinc, and calcium absorption. This review summarizes the concentrations of phytate (as hexa- and penta-inositol phosphate), iron, zinc, and calcium and the corresponding phytate:mineral molar ratios in 26 indigenous and 27 commercially processed plant-based complementary foods sold in low-income countries. Phytate concentrations were highest in complementary foods based on unrefined cereals and legumes (similar to 600 mg/100 g dry weight), followed by refined cereals (similar to 100 mg/100 g dry weight) and then starchy roots and tubers (< 20 mg/100 g dry weight); mineral concentrations followed the same trend. Sixty-two percent (16/26) of the indigenous and 37% (10/27) of the processed complementary foods had at least two phytate:mineral molar ratios (used to estimate relative mineral bioavailability) that exceeded suggested desirable levels for mineral absorption (i.e., phytate:iron < 1, phytate:zinc < 18, phytate:calcium < 0.17). Desirable molar ratios for phytate:iron, phytate:zinc, and phytate:calcium were achieved for 25%, 70%, and 57%, respectively, of the complementary foods presented, often through enrichment with animal-source foods and/or fortification with minerals. Dephytinization, either in the household or commercially, can potentially enhance mineral absorption in high-phytate complementary foods, although probably not enough to overcome the shortfalls in iron, zinc, and calcium content of plant-based complementary foods used in low-income countries. Instead, to ensure the World Health Organization estimated needs for these minerals from plant-based complementary foods for breastfed infants are met, dephytinization must be combined with enrichment with animal-source foods and/or fortification with appropriate levels and forms of mineral fortificants.