Family chance, employment transitions, and the welfare state: Household income dynamics in the United States and Germany
Family chance, employment transitions, and the welfare state: Household income dynamics in the United States and Germany
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DOI：
10.2307/2657461
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
McManus, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DiPrete, TA;McManus, PA
自现代化理论消亡以来，社会科学家一直在寻求解释工业化社会分层中持续存在的差异，主要是通过研究教育和劳动力市场制度如何塑造个人的生活机会。这种方法低估了任何分层体系的两个关键特征：家庭动态和福利国家。就业的变化、家庭组成的变化以及配偶或伴侣就业情况的变化都可能引发收入和物质福利的巨大变化。这些事件的影响由公共税收和转移机制以及家庭成员采取的私人行动来调节。这项对美国和德国家庭收入动态的比较分析表明，福利国家政策的变化产生了不同的收入流动的社会模式，此外，还表明劳动力市场事件、家庭变化和福利国家政策对收入动态的相对重要性取决于性别。个人动机和机会结构之间的强烈相互关系在事件的长期影响中产生了不对称。减少收入的事件的负面影响通常会随着时间的推移而减弱，而积极事件的影响通常会持续存在。
Since the demise of modernization theory, social scientists have sought explanations for persisting differences in the stratification of industrialized societies, primarily by studying how educational and labor market institutions shape the life chances of individuals. This approach undervalues two key features of any stratification system: family dynamics and the welfare state. Employment changes, changes in household composition, and changes in the employment situation of a spouse or partner can all trigger large shifts in income and material well-being. The impact of these events is mediated by public tax and transfer mechanisms and by private actions taken by household members. This comparative analysis of household income dynamics in the United States and Germany shows that variations in welfare state policy produce distinct societal patterns of income mobility, and furthermore, shows that the relative importance of labor market events, family change, and welfare state policies for income dynamics depends on gender. The strong interrelationship between individual incentives and the structure of opportunity produces an asymmetry in the long-term impact of events. The negative effects of events that reduce income generally decay over time, while the effects of positive events generally persist.