Cytoskeletal motors in arabidopsis. Sixty-one kinesins and seventeen myosins
Cytoskeletal motors in arabidopsis. Sixty-one kinesins and seventeen myosins
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.104.052621
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Liu, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, YRJ;Liu, B
细胞骨架马达蛋白是利用ATP水解释放的能量沿微管和肌动蛋白微丝的细胞骨架元件运动的ATPase。在所有真核生物中，Kinesin是以微管为基础的马达蛋白，具有保守的运动域；肌球蛋白是以肌动蛋白微丝为基础的马达蛋白，具有保守的肌球蛋白运动域。在植物组织的细胞分裂和细胞生长过程中，细胞骨架马达蛋白直接参与各种细胞骨架阵列的组织。它们还负责分子和细胞器的运动，以及有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中遗传物质的分离。在模式植物拟南芥的基因组中，至少有61个基因编码动蛋白，17个基因编码肌球蛋白。大多数拟南芥的肌动蛋白和所有的肌球蛋白在进化上都与动物和真菌中的相应蛋白不同。人们对大多数植物动蛋白和肌球蛋白的功能知之甚少。拟南芥激动素形成多个亚家族。BIMC/kinesin-5和NCD/kinesin-14亚家族中的有丝分裂运动蛋白似乎与真菌和动物中的类似。然而，另一些则非常不同，因为它们的非运动序列是植物所独有的。拟南芥的一些激动素与微管、线粒体、高尔基体堆叠和小泡有关。它们分别影响微管组织、细胞器分布和囊泡运输。最终，拟南芥激动素直接或间接促进各种组织中的细胞分裂和细胞生长。拟南芥肌球蛋白分为两个亚家族：第VIII类和第XI类。XI类肌球蛋白与各种细胞器/囊泡相关。拟南芥肌球蛋白的功能仍然难以捉摸。未来的努力不仅将致力于通过分子遗传学来破译这些马达的功能，而且还将致力于破译这些角色如何发挥作用的分子机制。
Cytoskeletal motor proteins are ATPases that use the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move along the cytoskeletal elements of microtubules and actin microfilaments. Found among all eukaryotic organisms, kinesins are microtubule-based motor proteins with a conserved kinesin motor domain, and myosins are actin microfilament-based motor proteins with a conserved myosin motor domain. Cytoskeletal motor proteins directly contribute to the organization of various cytoskeletal arrays during cell division and cell growth in plant tissues. They are also responsible for the motility of molecules and organelles, and the segregation of genetic materials during mitosis and meiosis. In the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), there are at least 61 genes encoding kinesins and 17 genes encoding myosins. Most Arabidopsis kinesins and all myosins are evolutionarily divergent from their counterparts in animals and fungi. Little is known about the functions of most plant kinesins and myosins. Arabidopsis kinesins form a number of subfamilies. The mitotic kinesins in the BIMC/Kinesin-5 and the NCD/Kinesin-14 subfamilies appear to be similar to those in fungi and animals. Others, however, are very divergent, as their nonmotor sequences are unique to plants. Some of Arabidopsis kinesins are associated with microtubules, mitochondria, Golgi stacks, and vesicles. They affect microtubule organization, organelle distribution, and vesicle transport, respectively. Ultimately, Arabidopsis kinesins contribute directly or indirectly to cell division and cell growth in various tissues. Arabidopsis myosins are classified into two subfamilies: class VIII and class XI. The class XI myosins are associated with various organelles/vesicles. Functions of Arabidopsis myosins are still elusive. Future efforts will be devoted to deciphering not only the functions of these motors by molecular genetics but also the molecular mechanisms underlying how these roles are played.