Development and implementation of a water-safety plan for drinking-water supply system of Cali, Colombia.
Development and implementation of a water-safety plan for drinking-water supply system of Cali, Colombia.
复制标题
制定并实施哥伦比亚卡利饮用水供应系统的水安全计划。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113422
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
P. Torres
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Pérez;J. Escobar;P. Torres
水安全计划（WSP）方法将风险评估和管理实践纳入饮用水供应系统（DWSS），确保从集水区到消费者的水质。这项研究是面向开发和实施的WSP在DWSS的城市圣地亚哥-德卡利，哥伦比亚。我们调整了世界卫生组织建立的WSP的方法阶段：（i）组建WSP团队，（ii.）描述现有的DWSS，（iii.）识别危险和危险事件，（iv.）评估风险，以及（v.）计划风险管理。在这种方法结构中，我们建议在DWSS的每个步骤中使用不同的风险评估工具，这些工具可以在不同规模的水系统中实施。我们的研究结果允许识别可能损害WSP有效性的危险事件：在发现的103起事件中，16起与集水区有关，40起与处理过程有关，27起与分配系统有关，9起与消费者有关，而其余11起与组织，规划，应急和紧急因素有关。我们发现，DWSS最关键的组成部分是配电系统和消费者，分别有29.6%和33.3%的危险事件被归类为非常高的风险水平。显然，需要对WSP进行改进和支持计划，以优化现有的控制措施和纠正措施，并评估新的控制措施和纠正措施，以降低风险水平。处理过程和分配系统的步骤被认为是DWSS的主要障碍，主要是在自来水公司的治理下，不像集水区和消费者，因为在这些步骤中，自来水公司的控制和影响力较小，因此风险较高。我们的研究证实，WSP是一个重要的决策工具，供水服务公司，改善他们的行政，财务，组织和运营管理。它还表明，在实施DWSS的每个阶段，其高级管理层和其他利益相关者都必须成为WSP团队的一部分。
The water-safety plan (WSP) approach integrates risk assessment and management practices into a drinking-water supply system (DWSS), ensuring water quality from the catchment to the consumer. This research was oriented toward the development and implementation of a WSP in the DWSS for the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. We adapted the methodological stages of the WSP established by the World Health Organization: (i.) assemble a WSP team, (ii.) describe the existing DWSS, (iii.) identify hazards and hazardous events, (iv.) evaluate risks, and (v.) plan risk management. In this methodological structure, we propose the use of different risk assessment tools at each step of DWSS, which can be implemented in water systems of different sizes. The results of our study allowed the identification of hazardous events that may compromise the effectiveness of the WSP: Of the 103 events found, 16 were related to the catchment, 40 to treatment processes, 27 to the distribution system, and 9 to consumers, while the remaining 11 were associated with organizational, planning, contingency, and emergency factors. We found that the most critical components of the DWSS are the distribution system and the consumers, with 29.6% and 33.3% of the hazardous events classified as at a very high risk level, respectively. Clearly, improvement and support programs for the WSP were needed to optimize existing control measures and corrective actions and to evaluate new ones to reduce risk levels. The treatment processes and distribution system steps were shown as the main barriers of the DWSS mainly they are under governance of water company, unlike the catchment and consumers which presented higher levels of risk because in these steps the water company has less control and influence. Our research confirms that the WSP is an important tool for decision-making by water-service companies—improving their administrative, financial, organizational, and operational management. It also shows that it is essential that their senior management and other stakeholders be part of the WSP team at each stage of implementation of the DWSS.