On the Origin of Cattle: How Aurochs Became Cattle and Colonized the World
On the Origin of Cattle: How Aurochs Became Cattle and Colonized the World
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DOI：
10.1002/evan.20267
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lenstra, Johannes A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo;Garcia, Jose Fernando;Lenstra, Johannes A.
自从牛在新石器时代被驯化以来，牛就属于我们的文化遗产。重建他们的历史是一个活跃的研究领域，有助于我们理解人类历史。考古数据现在通过分析现代和古代牛的DNA标记的母亲，父亲或常染色体遗传的样本进行补充。最新的遗传数据表明，牛磺酸牛的母系谱系起源于新月沃土，可能有南欧野牛种群的贡献，而牛则起源于印度河流域。随后，牛伴随着人类的迁徙，这导致了牛磺酸，牛因碱或混合起源的家畜在亚洲，非洲，欧洲和新大陆的传播。这导致它们适应不同的环境，外观和性能有很大的变化。最近，育种的合理管理导致了国际公畜运动，这再次改变了遗传多样性的全球模式。
Since their domestication in the Neolithic, cattle have belonged to our cultural heritage. The reconstruction of their history is an active field of research 1 that contributes to our understanding of human history. Archeological data are now supplemented by analyses of modern and ancient samples of cattle with DNA markers of maternal, paternal, or autosomal inheritance. The most recent genetic data suggest that maternal lineages of taurine cattle originated in the Fertile Crescent with a possible contribution of South-European wild cattle populations, while zebu cattle originate from the Indus Valley. Subsequently, cattle accompanied human migrations, which led to the dispersal of domestic cattle of taurine, indicine, or mixed origin over Asia, Africa, Europe, and the New World. This has resulted in their adaptation to different environments and considerable variation in appearance and performance. More recently, rational management of breeding led to international movements of sires, which again changed the global patterns of genetic diversity.