Not biting the dust: using a tripartite model of organized crime to examine India’s Sand Mafia
Not biting the dust: using a tripartite model of organized crime to examine India’s Sand Mafia
复制标题
不食人间烟火：利用有组织犯罪的三方模型来审视印度的沙黑手党
DOI：
10.1080/01924036.2015.1082486
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Aunshul Rege
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aunshul Rege
摘要印度的沙子黑手党非法开采沙子用于建筑，每月产生约1700万美元的收入。尽管造成了毁灭性的环境、物质和经济危害，但对这个有组织犯罪集团的犯罪学研究还很匮乏。本文建立了一个三方有组织犯罪模型，用于探讨沙地黑手党的作案手法、权宜之计和āti中的作案手法。它对2010至2015年间发布的75份媒体和环境文件进行文件分析。这个组织以无数支离破碎的结构运作，拥有短暂的成员资格，并利用暴力、政治从属关系和再生性质来确保持续运作。其他因素，如人力不足、执法不力、经济快速发展以及对沙子替代品的接受程度有限，共同加剧了非法采砂的问题。还研究了缓解这一问题的建议，如实施更严格的监管，实施独立的监管机构，以及赋予当地居民权力。还提出了未来的研究路线，如通过多学科研究进行危害分析。
ABSTRACT India’s Sand Mafia, which illegally mines sand for construction, generates approximately USD 17 million per month in revenues. Despite the devastating environmental, physical, and economical harms caused, there is a dearth of criminological research on this organized crime group. This paper develops a tripartite model of organized crime that is used to explore the Sand Mafia’s modus operandi, modus vivendi, and modus coordināti. It conducts document analysis of 75 media and environmental documents published between 2010 and 2015. This group operates as numerous, fragmented structures with transient memberships, and uses violence, political affiliation, and regenerative properties to ensure continued operation. Other factors, such as inadequate manpower, poor enforcement, rapid economic development, and limited acceptance of alternatives to sand, collectively compound the problem of illicit sand mining. Recommendations for alleviating the problem, such as imposing stricter regulations, implementing an independent regulatory body, and empowering local residents, are also examined. Future lines of research inquiry, such as conducting harms analysis via multidisciplinary research, are also offered.