Carbon Monoxide in Optically Thick Wildfire Smoke: Evaluating TROPOMI Using CU Airborne SOF Column Observations
Carbon Monoxide in Optically Thick Wildfire Smoke: Evaluating TROPOMI Using CU Airborne SOF Column Observations
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DOI：
10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00048
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发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jake P. Rowe;K. Zarzana;Natalie Kille;T. Borsdorff;M. Goudar;Christopher F. Lee;T. Koenig;J. Romero-Alvarez;T. Campos;C. Knote;N. Theys;J. Landgraf;R. Volkamer
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jake P. Rowe;K. Zarzana;Natalie Kille;T. Borsdorff;M. Goudar;Christopher F. Lee;T. Koenig;J. Romero-Alvarez;T. Campos;C. Knote;N. Theys;J. Landgraf;R. Volkamer
对流层监测仪器（TROPOMI）测量光学厚生物质燃烧羽流中一氧化碳（CO）垂直柱增强，使用科罗拉多大学机载太阳掩星通量（CU AirSOF）仪器在2018年美国西北部痕量气体和气溶胶的生物质燃烧通量（BB-FLUX）现场活动期间进行测量。从飞机和卫星采样的不同时间和空间尺度以及测量几何形状被积极地解释为：（1）专注于一致测量，（2）比较跨羽流断面的CO增强的空间积分，（3）使用FLEXible PARTicle（FLEXPART）扩散模型来校正大气传输，以及（4）解释平均核（AVK）。在没有地理空间和时间修正的情况下，TROPOMI系统地比飞机高出36%（作战前产品高出27%）。CU AirSOF的对流断面显示，在卫星亚像素尺度上，综合CO增强（平均30分钟内增加28%）之间存在显着差异。当应用额外的校正（FLEXPART，以及较小程度的AVK）时，操作产品的平均偏差降低到+10%（操作前为+7.2%），在15%的不确定性范围内（案例研究之间的变异性，95%置信水平），这是微不足道的。合成羽流的辐射传输模拟表明，在高气溶胶负荷下，多重散射可以增强卫星CO信号5-10%，这值得进一步关注。烟雾大大减少了紫外线和可见光波长的痕量气体测量（高达6倍），突出了浓烟中多光谱气溶胶特性的重要性。
TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) vertical column enhancements in optically thick biomass burning plumes were evaluated using measurements from the University of Colorado Airborne Solar Occultation Flux (CU AirSOF) instrument during the 2018 Biomass Burning Fluxes of Trace Gases and Aerosols (BB-FLUX) field campaign in the northwestern United States. The different temporal and spatial scales and measurement geometries sampled from the aircraft and satellite are actively accounted for by (1) focusing on coincident measurements, (2) comparing spatial integrals of CO enhancements across plume transects, (3) using the FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) dispersion model to correct for atmospheric transport, and (4) accounting for Averaging Kernels (AVK). TROPOMI is found to be systematically higher relative to the aircraft by +36% for the operational product (+27% preoperational product) without geospatial and temporal corrections. Consecutive transects by CU AirSOF revealed significant variations between integrated CO enhancements (on average 28% over 30 min) on the satellite sub-pixel scale. When the additional corrections are applied (FLEXPART, and to a lesser degree also AVK), the average bias is reduced to +10% for the operational product (+7.2% preoperational), which is insignificant within 15% uncertainty (variability among case studies, 95% confidence level). Radiative transfer simulations in synthetic plumes indicate that multiple scattering can enhance satellite CO signals by 5–10% at high aerosol loads, which warrants further attention. Smoke strongly reduces trace gas measurements at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths (by up to a factor of 6), highlighting the importance of multispectral aerosol properties in thick smoke.