Biomarkers in prostate cancer epidemiology.
Biomarkers in prostate cancer epidemiology.
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DOI：
10.3390/cancers3043773
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发表时间：
2011-09-30
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Verma M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Verma M;Patel P;Verma M
了解前列腺癌等疾病的病因可能有助于识别高危人群、及时干预疾病并进行适当的治疗。生物标志物以及暴露史和临床数据是实现这些目标的有用工具。前列腺癌的个体风险和人群发病率是由遗传易感性和暴露的干预造成的。生化、表观遗传、遗传和成像生物标志物用于识别罹患前列腺癌的高风险人群。在癌症流行病学中，表观遗传生物标志物比其他类型的生物标志物具有优势，因为它们是针对人的遗传背景和环境暴露而表达的，并且因为异常事件发生在癌症发展的早期，其中包括癌细胞中的几种表观遗传改变。本文描述了可能用于研究前列腺癌流行病学的不同生物标志物。我们还讨论了前列腺癌理想生物标志物的特征以及用于生物标志物测定的技术。在表观遗传生物标志物中，大多数报告表明 GSTP1 高甲基化可作为前列腺癌的诊断标志物；然而，NKX2-5、CLSTN1、SPOCK2、SLC16A12、DPYS 和 NSE1 也被报道在前列腺癌中受到甲基化机制的调节。还讨论了当前在前列腺癌诊断和流行病学研究中利用生物标志物的挑战以及潜在的解决方案。
Understanding the etiology of a disease such as prostate cancer may help in identifying populations at high risk, timely intervention of the disease, and proper treatment. Biomarkers, along with exposure history and clinical data, are useful tools to achieve these goals. Individual risk and population incidence of prostate cancer result from the intervention of genetic susceptibility and exposure. Biochemical, epigenetic, genetic, and imaging biomarkers are used to identify people at high risk for developing prostate cancer. In cancer epidemiology, epigenetic biomarkers offer advantages over other types of biomarkers because they are expressed against a person's genetic background and environmental exposure, and because abnormal events occur early in cancer development, which includes several epigenetic alterations in cancer cells. This article describes different biomarkers that have potential use in studying the epidemiology of prostate cancer. We also discuss the characteristics of an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer, and technologies utilized for biomarker assays. Among epigenetic biomarkers, most reports indicate GSTP1 hypermethylation as the diagnostic marker for prostate cancer; however, NKX2-5, CLSTN1, SPOCK2, SLC16A12, DPYS, and NSE1 also have been reported to be regulated by methylation mechanisms in prostate cancer. Current challenges in utilization of biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis and epidemiologic studies and potential solutions also are discussed.